Divergence occurring in 2233 ≠ everything before 2233 remains unaffected by divergence. The former is supported by dialogue in ST'09, the latter is as much speculation as anything Pegg said. It is not speculation that the future has changed, that much is explicit. And if the future has changed, then it stands to reason that anything from the past that had been affected by that future—which potentially includes everything, but specifically includes much of ENT—can also have changed. That doesn't mean it all is entirely different by necessity, but any of it beyond what gets reaffirmed could be.
For instance, Into Darkness seems to confirm that there was an NX-01 of the same basic external design with which we're familiar, but that doesn't mean that ship did exactly all the same things. Beyond confirms some other points: there were losses of millions to the Xindi (which might be taken to imply that there was still a Temporal Cold War, since it provoked their attack on Earth in ENT, but not necessarily that it all played out exactly the same way); there were MACOs; the Federation was founded after a war with the Romulans. It's a comparable situation to the new SW canon: the writers are free to draw on whatever they like from the past Expanded Universe continuity and bring it in as they please, but they're beholden to none of it. They can pick and choose.
For instance, Into Darkness seems to confirm that there was an NX-01 of the same basic external design with which we're familiar, but that doesn't mean that ship did exactly all the same things. Beyond confirms some other points: there were losses of millions to the Xindi (which might be taken to imply that there was still a Temporal Cold War, since it provoked their attack on Earth in ENT, but not necessarily that it all played out exactly the same way); there were MACOs; the Federation was founded after a war with the Romulans. It's a comparable situation to the new SW canon: the writers are free to draw on whatever they like from the past Expanded Universe continuity and bring it in as they please, but they're beholden to none of it. They can pick and choose.