The way I see it, there had already been a lot of solidarity built up among the crew by the time the decision was made to leave - which would have made the idea of leaving the ship a difficult, if not untenable, one to take.
Rather, I believe that the only other option that might have passed in this case was to have the ship and crew stay and work with the children of the '37s - which was hinted at by Janeway herself, but apparently not as widly discussed an option aboard ship.
If someone (or some people) had taken up that idea, and lobbied for it - while adding the point that with the Three Cities' world as a home base, there could still be a dedicated effort set up to try and at least re-establish communications with the UFP, or have the search for a means of contacting Earth be a part of a wider remit - then it might have held more water.
There could already be a head start, if Voyager or a Flyer went on a mission back to Sikaris, made their apologies for the 'incident', and asked them to allow for a subspace relay to be placed on Alastria, or perhaps another world closer to the galactic core - or, unwittingly, closer to the Hirogen comm network. Plus, going in the other direction, Voyager would not be too far from the Takarian terminus of the Barzan wormhole, and the time could be taken to try and study the anomaly without the kind of haste (or Ferengi interference) which led to the missed opportunity last time around...
(Perhaps by the time the crew contacted Earth, they could learn more of the experience with the Celestial Temple...err, Bajoran-Idran Wormhole, which could help with studying the Barzan anomaly.)
But even so, these efforts would be taking place in the backdrop of an attempt to secure the human presence in Delta, to perhaps try and form alliances and trade links with more friendly regional powers, to ward off the Krowtonans, Vidiians and Kazon... and maybe even to figure out what to do about the Ocampans, once their last gasp of support from the Caretaker runs out.
