The Japanese Defense Force is a military organization. Fact.
The Japanese government disagrees.
The Coast Guard is effectively an estention of border patrol and rescue. It is involved only in civilian law enforcement (drugs, etc.), not operations of general armed defense.
The Chinese Coast guard does, and has. Likewise the Japanese Coast Guard recently gathered international headlines by attacking and sinking what turned out to be a North Korean spy vessel in Japanese territorial waters.
I will not comment on Earth Starfleet, as that ground has been covered. It's inclusion is an assertion...
When two different Starfleet officers at two different times comment on being "uncomfortable with military officers on the ship" that tells you all you need to know.
MACO are clearly another military organisation, one that seems analogous to the SEALS. But their focus is narrow, not more general defense.
Their focus on NX-01 is narrow. We have no idea what they do as part of their normal duties. They could be part of Earth's principle land army, or they could be a bunch of mercenaries hired to do Starfleet's dirty work.
The only thing we know for sure about them, however, is that Starfleet officers refer to them as "the military."
The Andorial Royal Guard is not under command of the Federation, but are a sovereign military power of a member planet.
And therefore serves the Federation just like Starfleet does.
The Federation Naval Patrol seems to be limited in scope, and I'm not sure I've ever seen them called upon by the Federation to defent against say, the Borg.
"Limited scope" would probably include every significant body of water on every Federation world in the galaxy. They would at minimum be equivalent to every Coast Guard organization on the planet Earth combined, multiplied across over a hundred Earthlike worlds. "Limited scope" indeed.
As to threats: if a Borg ship crashed in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, you can be reasonably sure the Naval Patrol would be the first to respond.
Asertion with no impirical supporting evidence.
Impirical evidence:
"Starfleet is not a military organization, its purpose is exploration."
- Jean Luc Picard.
The whole point of this debate is whether or not we should BELIEVE Picard (or Scotty, for that matter). But don't try to claim "there is no evidence," because there is.
Then what is your cirteria? Define a military organisation. What traits/activities must an organisation have to be considered military in your eyes?
Three traits:
1) It is both an armed and uniformed organization
2) It is established by the the laws of the state
3) Its statutory/founding mission is to successfully perpetrate wars and defend against foreign aggression.
Starfleet has two out of the three traits: it is armed and uniformed and is established by Federation law. Its mission statement, however, is the exploration of space and scientific research, and its other responsibilities vis a vis military action, police action, security or disaster relief may not actually be part of Starfleet's charter (if, for example, the Federation has laws that require ANY competent organization to commit resources to deal with any type of emergency they are capable of resolving, up to and including interstellar war).
Starfleet is therefore at best
paramilitary. Other types of combat organizations also fail two out of the three tests would be similarly classified as either paramilitary, militant, combatant or just plain armed.
To my eyes, "unquestionably" is becoming a questionable proposition, considering that is can only really be applied to the 22nd Century with any credibility.
True as that is, it's only a question in later centuries for those who think that the Captain and First Officer of the USS Enterprise are a couple of hippies and don't know what the hell they're talking about (and would prefer to believe David Marcus, who IS kind of a hippie and clearly doesn't know what he's talking about).
