I would gather the Federation being both, but perhaps closer more to being a federal republic in the sense of the Federation President likely being the executive branch and the Federation Council being a Congress-like legislative branch, with Council members acting as the representatives/senators of individual worlds (I would gather that Ambassador Sarek represented Vulcan on the Council at one point).Well, we know that the office of the Federation President is in Paris and the Federation Council chambers are in San Francisco along with Starfleet Headquarters. Presumably, the Federation President would have some sort of staff or cabinet of his own to help him run the nation like most heads of state do, especially if that nation consists of more than a hundred different worlds...Ah, but now we're getting into the governmental structure of the Federation, something else that's not very well defined on screen.![]()
True. But we've never actually seen how all these things fit together. Is the govenment a federal republic, a la the United States, or is it more of a parlimentary based system?
Probably yes to all of the above.Does the President have something like a Secretary of Defense, who runs the political aspects of Starfleet and has the Starfleet Chief of Staff answer to him? Does the Chief of Staff answer directly to the President? Is there something like the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the UFP, one for Starfleet and others for other service areas (like ground forces)?
There has been frequent mentions of numerous agencies within the Federation--like the Federation Archaeology Council, Federation Astronomical Committee, and the Federation Department of Temporal Investigations--but I doubt you'll ever find a satisfactory (i.e., official) answer to how it all works since it really has never been the focus of any episode or film, but used mainly as things briefly mentioned in passing to add some dimension to the Federation...