There was a devout Muslim member of Earth's government in my SCE story Aftermath.
Particularly nice to see him and Captain Gold getting along respectfully.
Well, contrary to popular belief, Jews and Muslims have historically gotten along relatively well. The Qur'an commands tolerance toward fellow "People of the Book" (i.e. Jews and Christians), and in the Middle Ages, persecuted European Jews often fled to the Muslim world because they'd be safe from persecution there. That's actually part of why the original Zionists wanted to establish their state in Palestine -- not just because Israel was their ancestral homeland, but because they had plenty of historical precedent for the belief that they'd be accepted there. They expected it to be a multifaith state, with Jews, Christians, and Muslims coexisting as they had in the region for centuries.
Unfortunately, the British land barons, such as the Rothschilds, who backed the Zionists dealt with the indigenous Palestinians the same way they dealt with native populations all over the world, driving them from their homes and trampling over their rights. That created bad feelings, and the anti-Semitic movements in Eastern Europe were able to capitalize on that by convincing Palestinians that they should hate the Jews. The fact that Europeans had been meddling aggressively in the Mideast since the Crusades, and even more so since Napoleon's invasion, inclined the Palestinians and their neighbors to fear that Israel was more of the same, the whole Zionist thing just an excuse for more European encroachment. And it all started escalating from there.
So what's generally assumed to be an ancient, traditional conflict between Jews and Muslims is actually only a century old and is really the result of ideas and policies imported from Europe. So I don't think it's unreasonable to believe that it will eventually pass. It's really more a side effect of the idea of ethnic nationalism than anything intrinsic to the faiths themselves. And clearly ethnic nationalism is long-dead in the Earth of the Federation.
And it goes the other way too, with B'Elanna Torres not believing in Klingon religion and Ro Laren not believing in Bajoran religion.
Yeah, but there are plenty of humans in Trek who don't believe in any Earth religions. B'Elanna and Ro don't believe in anyone else's religion either. And B'Elanna actually does become pretty much a believer later on, certainly in "Barge of the Dead," where she's willing to risk her life on the assumption that Klingon mythology is real.
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