Incidentally, Paris mentioned in Dark Frontier that it was around early/mid 22nd century 'money went the way of the dinosaurs' ... so it's quite possible that elimination of money (or the fact is was on it's way out anyway) greatly accelerated humanity's progress.
Actually, I think it worked the other way around. Humans got into space and discovered--as anyone who is honest already knows--that the human concept of "money" is actually arbitrary fiat that means nothing to anyone else in the universe. Nobody outside of Sol accepts US dollars or Euros or United Earth Credits; it's all just paper to them.
Probably it was the Boomers that discovered that all interstellar commerce is commerce stripped of pretenses and accounting games: you trade something you have for something you want, and the value of a thing is as much about where it's from as where it's going. That essentially means the only way to acquire wealth is to trade things your planet has plenty of for things your planet needs MORE of, and returning these things to your planet makes you kind of a big shot.
The thing is, if you have these things your planet needs, in what sense are you "wealthy?" You can get more of what you
personally need (so local currency might still exist) than you otherwise would, but in the end, you're not acquiring anything that could apply for an investment other than more of what you need to do your job (a warp three engine for your ship, for example). In the end, you're not a tycoon or a capitalist, you're just a space-faring merchant on The Great River.
I kind of expect that NX-01 was the last ship in Starfleet that ever had an actual price tag on it; subsequent vessels would be billed in terms of what went into their construction (X amount of man hours, Y amount of duranium, Z amount of transparent aluminum) and so on. When you start measuring resources in those concrete terms, certain things get emphasized and certain things get excluded; complicated sophisticated technologies like computers and energy weapons become somewhat cheaper since they're reduced to the materials required to build them, while things like rare elements used in warp coils and subspace transceivers become harder to find and more expensive.
I dare say this might have been one of the driving forces behind the Founding of the Federation: the realization that a handful of worlds had BETWEEN THEM the resources to build perfect starships and perfect civilizations, but needed a robust and well-protected (Nausican-free) trade network to exploit those resources.