No, I think not. I think its the remains of the vessels that warped to Vulcan in response to their emergency distress call. They got there before the Enterprise, and were wiped out by the Narada. You can clearly see starship registry numbers on the wrecked saucer hulls, and there's even a nacelle or two floating around.
I think some of the debris is from other starships but there is one shot with a gicantic saucer-shaped object in the background that is many times larger than any starship primary hull we've ever seen. We do know that the
Narada attacks Earth at some point so it's not out of the question that the station we saw in the earlier trailer was a casualty of that attack. Or it's also possible that Vulcan had a similar station in orbit.