This point of view may refer to the original Spider-Man character, but it is not relevant to the Ultimate Universe version that the MCU tends to be based on.
The MCU's depiction of Spidey as a protege of older heroes strikes me as being based more on the past couple of decades of the 616-universe comics than the Ultimate comics. Peter becoming Tony Stark's protege was a big part of the Avengers arc and the Civil War arc in the later J. Michael Straczynski run on Amazing Spider-Man, with Spidey's introduction in the movie version of Civil War deriving from the comics version where his mentor Tony brought him into the registration debate on Tony's side, until Spidey eventually switched sides. Homecoming drew on the earlier comics arc where Tony built the "Iron Spider" armor for Spidey, except it substituted a version of his classic costume in its place. JMS was also fond of teaming Spidey up with Doctor Strange, foreshadowing No Way Home.