Re: I just finished The Good that Men Do. Some thoughts. *D
Not really. It's a system that exists and works well in countries such as Italy, Israel, and Germany (though their head of government is called a Chancellor rather than Prime Minister).
As has been thoroughly noted in previous posts, Starfleet: Year One contradicts much of Enterprise because it predates ENT's premire, not because of author Michael Jean Friedman being annoyed at how ENT ignored previous series' Easter eggs.
I'm not sure what you mean by "reason to be respected." All novels have the otpion of being in continuity with or ignoring other novels, or of being in continuity with parts of other novels but not all. (Look at SCE: The Future Begins, which contains an acknowledgement of Talin IV from Prime Directive, yet whose depiction of the Federation government is consistent with that of Articles of the Federation, whose depiction radically contradicted Prime Directive.)
In any event, given the following things that have been established:
1) Nathan Samuels as a high-ranking Minister in the United Earth government ("Demons," "Terra Prime")
2) Samuels specifically as the Prime Minister of United United (The Good That Men Do)
3) Existence of United Earth Prime Minister ("Eleven Hours Out" [Tales of the Dominion War], The Good That Men Do)
4) Existence of United Earth Presidency (Starfleet: Year One, SCE: The Future Begins)
5) Samuels not being in United Earth Starfleet chain of command ("Terra Prime")
It just seemed that the logical inference would be that United Earth follows the type of parliamentary democracy that exists in many republics, where there's an elected, mostly ceremonial president who is the legal commander-in-chief. This is consistent with all that has been established both canonically and in the novels, and doesn't require us to make up an entirely new form of government, either. In short, it seemed the simplest theory for the evidence at hand.
None. Similarly, there are none there it was ever said there was a UE Prime Minister. (Hell, canonically, it's also possible that United Earth is led by a military dictator.) But the novels are not constrained to only following what has been established in the canon. That's why Haroun al-Rashid could appear in The Good That Men Do -- even though the canon established neither his existence (he was first mentioned in Articles of the Federation as an early Federation President) nor his position as United Earth Interior Minister.
But other novels have established both a UE PM and President, and since there's no inherent contradiction between UE having both, why not assume it has both?
Again, this is an inference based upon canonical evidence (use of the term "Minister," Samuels not being in UESF chain of command) and novel-original evidence (existence of UE PM and Presidential offices).
Canonically, the details of how United Earth's government functions have not been established -- it's entirely possible, looking only at the canonical evidence, that UE is run by a King or Queen or Emperor or Generalissimo, at least as of this point before the Federation's founding.
Tell that to the Roman Republic. Instead of a single head of government, they had two Consuls that served at once!
But, as I said before, the PM/Pres type government exists and works just fine in the real world.
There are several continuity references between The Good That Men Do and Articles of the Federation -- Andorian Ambassador Avaranthi sh'Rothress, for instance, was first mentioned in AotF as another early Federation President. The novel line in general often (but not always!) has strong non-canonical continuity points between one-another.
Swear I'm not! Well, except for the voices in my head.
No canonical information. We do have information -- it's just from other novels!
You mention other novels like they don't matter. Most novels keep continuity between one-another. Yeah, sure, it could all be contradicted by a future canonical installment, but unless that happens, why *not* accept apocryphal information from other novels?
Actually, we don't even know that second part. All we know canonically is that there are Ministers.
I sincerely doubt that the president's underlings would be part of the legislature. In a presidential system like the US's, a President's underlings are cabinet members and leaders of the executive departments and agencies, as well as the employees of the office itself and its supporting offices. In a parliamentary system, the main lieutenants of the PM are other members of the Cabinet, who are all chosen from the Parliament and who remain Members of Parliament in addition to their Cabinet positions.
"First Minister" is just another name for "Prime Minister." The devolved government of Scotland within the United Kingdom, for instance, features a Scottish Parliament and the First Minister of Scotland.
Canonically, we have no info about how UFP Presidents are determined. The novel A Time For War, A Time For Peace has them being popularly elected from amongst candidates determined by the Federation Council to meet the qualifications for the presidency, and the candidates need not been Federation Council members.
If we accept the idea of a UE PM, though, that implies a parliamentary system where the PM is determined by who can command the confidence of the majority of Members of Parliament. (In modern terms, that translates to the leader of the majority party or majority coalition.)
Who? Are you referring to Colonel Green? there's no reference to him taking over the rebuilding of the entire planet. "Demons" makes no claims as to the full extent of his power or rule in rebuilding beyond establishing that he managed to kill a great many people with deformities.
By that logic, (West) Germany would not have developed a republic again after World War II.
Go to Memory Beta. We have a United Earth flag based upon one that appeared in "Terra Prime."
They never mentioned the Federation President throughout the entire original series, nor movies 1-3, nor movie 5, nor in all of TNG or VOY, nor in any but three episodes of DS9. Does that mean there's no Federation President?
Gracias. I stand corrected.
Space is big. It's entirely possible that even at only four days away, the Klingons simply never got around to expanding in that direction.
Most people in life tend to obey their head of government, even if he doesn't have the legal authority to issue someone an order. And he obviously felt that the issue was important enough to attempt to take control of the situation with sheer force of personality alone.
No I'm not -- I'm using an entire wing of government that other people invented for other novels to account for an apparent discontinuity!
And it's not an unfounded hypothesis if the UE President has appeared in other novels.
Again, the president exists in other novels, and there's no reason to assume that, in particular, The Future Begins, takes place in a separate continuity.
Guy Gardener said:
Sci said:
No -- I'm suggesting there's a mostly-ceremonial president who, like the mostly-ceremonial British/New Zealand Queen, is the legal commander-in-chief of United Earth's armed forces and who needs to sign off on the UE PM's decisions. I figure that the UE President's options would be the same as the NZ G-G's options -- go along with the PM, resign, or dissolve parliament and call for a new general election. This would allow us to have Samuels be PM while remaining consistent with the fact that he was not in the UE Starfleet's chain of command (the PM wouldn't be, only the President would).
You do realize how many assumptions and leaps of logic you have made to create an air where this government is possible?
Not really. It's a system that exists and works well in countries such as Italy, Israel, and Germany (though their head of government is called a Chancellor rather than Prime Minister).
You will also remember that Starfleet Year One contradicts Enterprise completely as an alternative storyline telling a different founding of the Federation because the writer was annoyed at how Enterprise ignored all the Easter Eggs left behind by previous series,
As has been thoroughly noted in previous posts, Starfleet: Year One contradicts much of Enterprise because it predates ENT's premire, not because of author Michael Jean Friedman being annoyed at how ENT ignored previous series' Easter eggs.
so Littlejohn and his position has no due reason to be respected in the Enterprise TV of Novel Time Lines?
I'm not sure what you mean by "reason to be respected." All novels have the otpion of being in continuity with or ignoring other novels, or of being in continuity with parts of other novels but not all. (Look at SCE: The Future Begins, which contains an acknowledgement of Talin IV from Prime Directive, yet whose depiction of the Federation government is consistent with that of Articles of the Federation, whose depiction radically contradicted Prime Directive.)
In any event, given the following things that have been established:
1) Nathan Samuels as a high-ranking Minister in the United Earth government ("Demons," "Terra Prime")
2) Samuels specifically as the Prime Minister of United United (The Good That Men Do)
3) Existence of United Earth Prime Minister ("Eleven Hours Out" [Tales of the Dominion War], The Good That Men Do)
4) Existence of United Earth Presidency (Starfleet: Year One, SCE: The Future Begins)
5) Samuels not being in United Earth Starfleet chain of command ("Terra Prime")
It just seemed that the logical inference would be that United Earth follows the type of parliamentary democracy that exists in many republics, where there's an elected, mostly ceremonial president who is the legal commander-in-chief. This is consistent with all that has been established both canonically and in the novels, and doesn't require us to make up an entirely new form of government, either. In short, it seemed the simplest theory for the evidence at hand.
I don’t want to be mean, I am enjoying this discussion, but can you cite me one conical tv/movie reference where it said there was ever a UE President?
None. Similarly, there are none there it was ever said there was a UE Prime Minister. (Hell, canonically, it's also possible that United Earth is led by a military dictator.) But the novels are not constrained to only following what has been established in the canon. That's why Haroun al-Rashid could appear in The Good That Men Do -- even though the canon established neither his existence (he was first mentioned in Articles of the Federation as an early Federation President) nor his position as United Earth Interior Minister.
But other novels have established both a UE PM and President, and since there's no inherent contradiction between UE having both, why not assume it has both?
Sci said:
Well, I don't think that the exact makeup of the UE Cabinet has been determined -- but I think it's fairly obvious that UE has a parliamentary system akin to Israel's or Italy's or Germany's.
In the book or on TV?
Again, this is an inference based upon canonical evidence (use of the term "Minister," Samuels not being in UESF chain of command) and novel-original evidence (existence of UE PM and Presidential offices).
In DS9 when that other guy, Akorem the poet who found the Wormhole first, he forced everyone to return to their D’Jarras, a cast system which dictated by their family status and occupation and strict codes of conduct, from dung eaters up to leadership and who was allowed to beat who for no reason, Sisko freaked because the Federation did not allow entry to any world which still respected a cast system or ran a government based upon lineage.
United Earth, there was one Planetary Government with no figurehead or ceremonial effects of power which are not duly representative of the people.
Canonically, the details of how United Earth's government functions have not been established -- it's entirely possible, looking only at the canonical evidence, that UE is run by a King or Queen or Emperor or Generalissimo, at least as of this point before the Federation's founding.
And surely if this was a second body of elected official acting in tandem to control the earth, then it’s an UnUnited Earth?
Tell that to the Roman Republic. Instead of a single head of government, they had two Consuls that served at once!
But, as I said before, the PM/Pres type government exists and works just fine in the real world.
Sci said:
Andy and Martin screwed the pooch as far as the Government is concerned since first the willfully shoved back the founding of the UE a decade to 2140 for no reason other than probably to unclutter the Enterprise Timeline thinking no one would notice, and second they foolishly cited Australia as the last holdout to the fomentation of the United Earth Government because they misremembered Picard saying that it happened when really he created a hypothetical question for Beverly in attached of “What if it happened?”.
2) Yeah, I don't know why they moved back the date of the last holdouts joining UE to 2140 instead of 2150. It's possible that this was actually a mistake, not a retcon.
3) They didn't move back the date of the founding of UE. United Earth was established to have been founded in 2130 with the signing of the Trate d'Unificiation in Paris in the novel Articles of the Federation. M&M just moved back the date of the last holdouts joining ship.
That’s interesting. Noncaonical, but interesting,
There are several continuity references between The Good That Men Do and Articles of the Federation -- Andorian Ambassador Avaranthi sh'Rothress, for instance, was first mentioned in AotF as another early Federation President. The novel line in general often (but not always!) has strong non-canonical continuity points between one-another.
Sci said:
In any event, there are many countries that have both PMs and Presidents. The Italian Republic, the State of Israel, the French Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the Russian Federation come to mind right off the top of my head. Some are semi-presidential systems, like France, where the president holds real political power and the PM works for him. Others are more Westminster-type systems, such as Germany or Italy, where the president has a mostly ceremonial role, but retains powers such as dissolving parliament and calling for a general election and appointing the PM according to the rules established by the parliament -- and serving as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
Thank you. Did not know that. Seems you’re not crazy.
Swear I'm not! Well, except for the voices in my head.

Sci said:
As I noted above, given the reference to a UE President in Starfleet: Year One and SCE: The Future Begins, and the references to a UE PM in the Tales of the Dominion War short story "Eleven Hours Out" and in this novel, I'd infer that UE has a parliamentary-style system with a mostly ceremonial president and a PM. This scenario is wholly consistent with everything about the UE government that's been established in the canon and in the ENT novels.
I can usually make a decent argument that the Federation is a communist state. Ooo, that gets people riled. But as you said, we have no information about the make up of the government,
No canonical information. We do have information -- it's just from other novels!
and then you begin making “logical guesses” based on smoke and other novels.
You mention other novels like they don't matter. Most novels keep continuity between one-another. Yeah, sure, it could all be contradicted by a future canonical installment, but unless that happens, why *not* accept apocryphal information from other novels?
The only thing we know for a certainty is that there are Ministers, and that every country is fairly represented (or renumerated for a lack of representation somehow?).
Actually, we don't even know that second part. All we know canonically is that there are Ministers.
I did say “probably” called senators, meaning I have no idea what the presidents underlings are called who are representatives of political blocks on Earth.
I sincerely doubt that the president's underlings would be part of the legislature. In a presidential system like the US's, a President's underlings are cabinet members and leaders of the executive departments and agencies, as well as the employees of the office itself and its supporting offices. In a parliamentary system, the main lieutenants of the PM are other members of the Cabinet, who are all chosen from the Parliament and who remain Members of Parliament in addition to their Cabinet positions.
Besides, there’s the simple scifi model you seem to have forgotten about, a bunch of Ministers lead by a First Minister and not a Prime Minister,
"First Minister" is just another name for "Prime Minister." The devolved government of Scotland within the United Kingdom, for instance, features a Scottish Parliament and the First Minister of Scotland.
because I assumed the leader of the UE would be similarly selected like UFP President, just form the body of Councillors already sitting in representation of their planet, but yeah “assumptions”.
Canonically, we have no info about how UFP Presidents are determined. The novel A Time For War, A Time For Peace has them being popularly elected from amongst candidates determined by the Federation Council to meet the qualifications for the presidency, and the candidates need not been Federation Council members.
If we accept the idea of a UE PM, though, that implies a parliamentary system where the PM is determined by who can command the confidence of the majority of Members of Parliament. (In modern terms, that translates to the leader of the majority party or majority coalition.)
You have to remember that every government on Earth was smashed, then a tyrant took over building up from the rubble.
Who? Are you referring to Colonel Green? there's no reference to him taking over the rebuilding of the entire planet. "Demons" makes no claims as to the full extent of his power or rule in rebuilding beyond establishing that he managed to kill a great many people with deformities.
There are no complicated finicky traditions, which the people rebuilding Earth had to abide by when constructing their leadership mechanisms.
By that logic, (West) Germany would not have developed a republic again after World War II.
Though I must now google the UE flags.
Go to Memory Beta. We have a United Earth flag based upon one that appeared in "Terra Prime."
Sci said:
god forbid what they called their highest tier of politicians, but if it was either Presidents and Senators, or Prime Ministers and Ministers, I can be sure of one thing, and that is that it wasn’t both, which puts the thumb on the scales for this issue that there probably was no UE President.
Again, there are plenty of republics that have both presidents and prime ministers, so there's no reason to assume that United Earth can't be a parliamentary government with a Prime Minister as head of government and a President as mostly ceremonial head of state.
No reason at all. Except that they have never mentioned the UE President if s/he is so important.
They never mentioned the Federation President throughout the entire original series, nor movies 1-3, nor movie 5, nor in all of TNG or VOY, nor in any but three episodes of DS9. Does that mean there's no Federation President?
The verteron cannon coupled into the Martian power network as soon as it landed, remember that clamping cgi? It was hooked into the infrastructure ergo furtherly supercharged and there might as well have been canals for the blast wave to flow along into the nearby city to melt its citizens because it was a domino game of powder kegs on the red planet. A surgical strike was impossible because the nearby settlements were within the blast wave of even the most taciturn orbital strike, which is why they had to do it like they did to go in with commandoes and Phlox. I watched this episode dozens of times while writing a synopsis and review a couple years back. Thousands of civilians lives were on the line if Hoshi waited to long that the Verteron cannon fired, or thousand of civilian lives were on the line that she gave the order to blow the damn thing up. Killing Archer was just gravy.
Hm. I'm going to have to re-watch the episode, then, because I don't recall the question of civilian life on Mars coming up.
ARCHER: Paxton's holding two of my officers hostage at the array. We can't attack it.
SAMUELS: The Council's aware of that. If you can't bring yourself to fire on them, another Captain can be assigned to Enterprise. No one will think less of you.
ARCHER: It's not just the hostages. Any attack on the array will trigger a massive explosion that could kill thousands of colonists.
SAMUELS: This wasn't an easy decision for the Council. The potential for disaster's even greater than you think. Over the next thirty months, the terraforming project has fourteen comets set to collide with Mars. Without the array to divert them toward the polar caps, the comets could hit anywhere, even the domed cities.
ARCHER: I'll take in a small team. We'll break into the facility and stop them.
SAMUELS: Paxton can destroy any ship that approaches Mars.
ARCHER: If he can't see us, he can't destroy us.
http://www.chakoteya.net/Enterprise/97.htm
Online transcripts save so much time.
Gracias. I stand corrected.
The Klingons were four days away. Who do you think maintained that boarder through truce and muscle?
Space is big. It's entirely possible that even at only four days away, the Klingons simply never got around to expanding in that direction.
I think we know from my first post exactly how much I believe Andy and Michael took heed of continuity for one reason or another. All why did he think he could give Hoshi orders, If he couldn’t?
Most people in life tend to obey their head of government, even if he doesn't have the legal authority to issue someone an order. And he obviously felt that the issue was important enough to attempt to take control of the situation with sheer force of personality alone.
A Minister would be outside the chain of command. A Prime Minister wouldn’t.
Yes, a PM would.
Only through your unfounded hypothesis but not through my unfounded hypothesis. Ocum’s Razor, you’re inventing an entire wing of government out of ether.
No I'm not -- I'm using an entire wing of government that other people invented for other novels to account for an apparent discontinuity!
And it's not an unfounded hypothesis if the UE President has appeared in other novels.
That is if we can sort out if the Prime Minister is the Highest Civilian Authority in the United Earth Government and the commander in chief of the Earths Military?
Keep in mind that terms like "highest civilian authority" are kinda off-base. Government isn't typically a straight linear progression from "lower authority" to "higher authority;" it's not the military. There are separations of powers and checks and balances, especially in a US-style system (where the President is not higher than the Congress and Supreme Court, but, rather, co-equal with them and possessing a different range of responsibilities), but also within a parliamentary system.
The question isn't "highest authority," as though we're comparing a flag officer to a commander. The question is, "head of government" and "head of state."
I say it’s exactly that simple. No matter what hoops Samuels has to jump through, bodies he has to co-ratify and supplicate to, he’s still the guy on top and that there is no UE President. I’m not a fool to think it’s that simple, and you’re not too smart for your own good to weave in new layers of expected government traditionally found in real world models. Either theory is as good as the other, and both as unprovable as the other without more information.
Again, the president exists in other novels, and there's no reason to assume that, in particular, The Future Begins, takes place in a separate continuity.