Guy Gardener said:
Sci said:
Steve Mollmann said:
The whole Samuels-is-Prime-Minister thing really bugged me, since there's no evidence for it in the show-- and in fact, evidence against it, in that Samuels can't give orders to Archer.
Actually, when I did a bit more research (i.e., bitched about the same thing and then got told off by people who actually live under parliamentary governments!), I found out that that's accurate: A prime minister is typically not part of his/her state's military chain of command. The role of commander-in-chief of the armed forces will usually fall to the head of state; granted, the head of state usually does what the head of government wants -- there'd be a constitutional crisis if Queen Elizabeth ordered the British Army out of Iraq tomorrow against Prime Minister Brown's wishes, for instance -- but the fact remains that, legally, a prime minister cannot issue orders in the chain of command.
I live under a Parliamentary system. Nothing the Government makes it’s mind up about is official until it’s co-signed by the Governor General who is the Queens representative in New Zealand. Of course, he only has the choice to sign the papers infront of him or resign. Much like the Queen in England only has the choice to sign the papers infront of her or initiate (I’m serious.) a civil war where she and her supporters are immediately deposed. Are you suggesting that there is a King or a Queen somewhere in the command structure of this future Earth Government who needs to ratify this “Prime Ministers” instructions and lawmaking?
No -- I'm suggesting there's a mostly-ceremonial president who, like the mostly-ceremonial British/New Zealand Queen, is the legal commander-in-chief of United Earth's armed forces and who needs to sign off on the UE PM's decisions. I figure that the UE President's options would be the same as the NZ G-G's options -- go along with the PM, resign, or dissolve parliament and call for a new general election. This would allow us to have Samuels be PM while remaining consistent with the fact that he was not in the UE Starfleet's chain of command (the PM wouldn't be, only the President would).
Frankly I just assumed that “Prime Minister” was a convenient and pretty name they gave to the Job of “The guy in charge of Earth” within the realms of this novel, and the idea of “Ministers” in Enterprise(The TV Show) just made me smile too much to dissect the issue. Each country or political block I assumed had been given a Minister, and then one of them is then chosen to be top dog “somehow”.
Well, I don't think that the exact makeup of the UE Cabinet has been determined -- but I think it's fairly obvious that UE has a parliamentary system akin to Israel's or Italy's or Germany's.
Andy and Martin screwed the pooch as far as the Government is concerned since first the willfully shoved back the founding of the UE a decade to 2140 for no reason other than probably to unclutter the Enterprise Timeline thinking no one would notice, and second they foolishly cited Australia as the last holdout to the fomentation of the United Earth Government because they misremembered Picard saying that it happened when really he created a hypothetical question for Beverly in attached of “What if it happened?”.
1) There was nothing in Beverly's question to rule out the idea of Australia being the last country to enter UE.
2) Yeah, I don't know why they moved back the date of the last holdouts joining UE to 2140 instead of 2150. It's possible that this was actually a mistake, not a retcon.
3) They didn't move back the date of the founding of UE. United Earth was established to have been founded in 2130 with the signing of the Trate d'Unificiation in Paris in the novel
Articles of the Federation. M&M just moved back the date of the last holdouts joining ship.
Sci said:
Samuels as Foreign Minister would have made much more sense.
To a point -- but I just kinda accepted it, since there was no serious continuity violation beyond the use of "Minister" as a form of address rather than "Prime Minister." But Harry Groener is such a great actor that I just really liked the idea of him as PM, so I just accepted it.
I liked him on Mad About You while running for the Mayor of New York.
Just don't let him speak at any high school commencements. You
know how snakey he gets....
Sci said:
Nit-pick: A Prime Minister is not a head of state, but, rather, a head of government. Other novels -- most notably Starfleet: Year One and SCE: The Future Begins, have established that United Earth, circa the ENT era, was led by a United Earth President named Lydia Littlejohn. It would appear that United Earth is a bit like the State of Israel or the Italian Republic in this regard -- a ceremonial President of United Earth, and a Prime Minister of United Earth who wields real political power.
Not really, though-- in
S:YO, Littlejohn is clearly a mover and shaker, not a ceremonial figurehead, and
tFB was written before Season 4 of
ENT.
Littlejohn seems to be a mover and a shaker, yes, but so what? One can accept the idea that there's a UE President and that she was named Lydia Littlejohn without accepting other aspects of
Starfleet: Year One, and, either way, it still makes sense that United Earth would have both a presidency and a premiership, since that's how many republics are organized.
Unfortunately, TV and movie continuity trumps Book continuity,
Yes, but there's nothing in the canon that says there's no UE President.
and the Enterprise era Earth was run by Ministers and so logically probably a Prime Minister too. If there was really a United Earth President in Charge of things too with underlings probably called senators,
I'm not sure why you would assume that the UE President's underlings would be called "Senators." In a US-style system, senators are members of an entirely different and independent branch of government, and do not work for the President. In a parliamentary system, they're typically members of the upper house of parliament, and would not be the president's underlings since they'd either be focusing on their role in the parliament or members of the PM's cabinet.
In any event, there are many countries that have both PMs and Presidents. The Italian Republic, the State of Israel, the French Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the Russian Federation come to mind right off the top of my head. Some are semi-presidential systems, like France, where the president holds real political power and the PM works for him. Others are more Westminster-type systems, such as Germany or Italy, where the president has a mostly ceremonial role, but retains powers such as dissolving parliament and calling for a general election and appointing the PM according to the rules established by the parliament -- and serving as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
As I noted above, given the reference to a UE President in
Starfleet: Year One and
SCE: The Future Begins, and the references to a UE PM in the
Tales of the Dominion War short story "Eleven Hours Out" and in this novel, I'd infer that UE has a parliamentary-style system with a mostly ceremonial president and a PM. This scenario is wholly consistent with everything about the UE government that's been established in the canon and in the ENT novels.
Although I think in terra prime in Archers ready Room, Samuels said he talked it over with the other Ministers.
No. He mentioned having spoken to the UE Starfleet Command Council.
There is barely any evidence in TV and Movies that the UE existed,
Oh, I dunno. There was that big sign that said "UNITED EARTH EMBASSY" in "The Forge," there was that UE seal in "Home," there were those UE flags in "The Forge" and "Terra Prime." I'd say there's pretty good evidence for the canonical existence of UE.
god forbid what they called their highest tier of politicians, but if it was either Presidents and Senators, or Prime Ministers and Minister, I can be sure of one thing, and that is that it wasn’t both, which puts the thumb on the scales for this issue that there probably was no UE President.
Again, there are plenty of republics that have both presidents and prime ministers, so there's no reason to assume that United Earth can't be a parliamentary government with a Prime Minister as head of government and a President as mostly ceremonial head of state.
Sci said:
Guy Gardener said:
Samuels couldn't give orders to Hoshi. You imagine an Ensign trying to tell Bush not to firebomb a village full of children?
1) I have hard time imagining circumstances under which the President of the United States would be present at the site of a battle aboard a United State Navy vessel and issuing orders directly to a USN Ensign instead of the vessel's commanding officer... but I digress.
I have a hard time imagining circumstances under which the Prime Minister of the UE was aboard Enterprise in a combat situation issuing orders directly to an ensign?
Yeah, I just wanted to note how implausible that particular sequence actually was.
Recently a policeman in the duty of the being the Prime Minister of New Zealand’s driver was fired because he broke the speed limit while taking the Prime Minister to a Rugby Match. Several witnesses “across the country” figured out hat he was travelling at 120 KPH for just over an hour through even residential areas. Meanwhile YEARS ago, the Queen of England refused to wear a seat belt because it would put an unflattering line on her garments. When threatened with legal action it was replied that the Crown would not prosecute the Crown.
Quick little nit-pick: There is no Queen of England. The English Throne was abolished when the Kingdom of England merged with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. There is a Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (God help me, I even know her full title off the top of my head: "By the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her Other Realms and Territories, Queen and Defender of the Faith"), but not a Queen of England.
Sci said:
2) Actually, yes, I can picture a United States Navy Ensign refusing to carry out an illegal order such as a deliberate attack on innocent civilians. Similarly, I can picture a United States Navy Ensign obeying said order. When you're dealing with the issuance of orders that are clearly illegal, it becomes a question of the individual personalities involved rather than of the chain of command as to whether or not such orders will be obeyed.
Of course, but Hoshi was following Archers orders to blow up the verteron array. Samuels just yelled at her when the time limit Archer gave her elapsed and she asked for another two minutes, because “That’s how long it takes for the weapon to power up”. She was fine with the responsibility right up until the moment she had to destroy the cannon and then she buckled.
That's about what I recall -- except I don't recall her "buckling." She made a very deliberate, pro-active decision, and it wasn't one rooted in weakness or insecurity, as you imply.
Sci said:
Of course, Bush is inside the chain of Command, at the top of it as a matter of fact, and Hoshi made it quite clear that Samuels was outside the chain of command when he was telling her to blow up half of Mars (including a civilian settlement.),
1) As Prime Minister, Samuels wouldn't be in the chain of command; the "commander-in-chief" role would probably fall to the UE President.
I got ahead of myself earlier. What exactly do you think that Samuels is the Prime Minister of that the United Earth President isn’t and vice versus?
Are you unfamiliar with the different roles carried out by a prime minister and by a president within a parliamentary system? Here are some links to get you started (though, of course, take Wikipedia with a grain of salt):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_minister
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_system
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_system
Suffice it to say that typically, the role of a president within a parliamentary system is akin to that of the Governor-General of a Commonwealth Realm country, except that the president is usually popularly elected rather than appointed by a Sovereign.
The book lead me to believe that Samuels was top dog. Inside the Universe of the Book I assume that he is, inside the TV show Terra Prime however… I’m wondering again, when was it ever said in canon that there was a UE Earth President?
It has not. As I noted above, my interpretation that there is a UE President is there on the basis of its presence in other novels and because it would be consistent with both the evidence in
The Good That Men Do and in the canon (i.e., Samuels not being part of UESF chain of command).
As much as we accept in the more distant future that Starfleet had become the police force and the military, like some sort of universal tool, how do the MACOs fit into this, that the commander in chief, be it President or Prime Minister, would seem to control mutually exclusive military disciplines, and maybe even a few that we don’t know about…
Let's try to remember that the Federation Starfleet (FSF) is a different organization from the United Earth Starfleet (UESF). But, yes, I see no particular reason that the commander-in-chief can't be c-in-c of two mutually distinct military branches -- the US President is c-in-c of the US Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force, for instance, and the British Queen is commander-in-chief of the British Army, Royal Navy, Royal Marines, and Royal Air Force (and of the different military branches of the Commonwealth Realms in which she remains Sovereign).
Tom Paris in Voyager claimed that he wanted to join the Coast Guard, but his father forced him to join Starfleet instead.
"Federation Naval Patrol" were his exact words.
Sci said:
2) You and I seem to be recalling the episode incorrectly -- I don't remember Samuels ordering the destruction of half of Mars and a civilian settlement. Rather, Samuels was ordering an attack on Paxton's ship-slash-mining station and the Veteron Array, even though that attack would probably kill Archer and Co., as agreed to by Archer prior to the mission, after Archer and his landing party failed to contact Enterprise to inform them that they had secured the Array, and he did this in order to guarantee that Terra Prime didn't launch an attack that would destroy United Earth Starfleet Headquarters and possibly half of San Francisco.
The verteron cannon coupled into the Martian power network as soon as it landed, remember that clamping cgi? It was hooked into the infrastructure ergo furtherly supercharged and there might as well have been canals for the blast wave to flow along into the nearby city to melt its citizens because it was a domino game of powder kegs on the red planet. A surgical strike was impossible because the nearby settlements were within the blast wave of even the most taciturn orbital strike, which is why they had to do it like they did to go in with commandoes and Phlox. I watched this episode dozens of times while writing a synopsis and review a couple years back. Thousands of civilians lives were on the line if Hoshi waited to long that the Verteron cannon fired, or thousand of civilian lives were on the line that she gave the order to blow the damn thing up. Killing Archer was just gravy.
Hm. I'm going to have to re-watch the episode, then, because I don't recall the question of civilian life on Mars coming up.
Sci said:
Keep in mind that the UE Starfleet is described in "The Expanse" as being a non-military organization. It's possible that they're more akin to NASA than the US Navy-like Federation Starfleet. And it's not as though being a PM, or a President, means that you have unlimited power to compel obedience from all government employees.
Which is not how it was described Starfleet in Star Trek VI. Infact they talked about cutting the military budget entirely to change Starfleet’s focus back to exploration.
That was the FSF, not the UESF. You can no more equate the UESF and FSF than you can equate the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom with, say, the Scottish Navy, if it had one before the Act of Union. (
Did the Kingdom of Scotland have a navy?)
Earth was reportedly protected completely, if only in principle, by the Vulcan Fleet probably right up until the dissolution of the High command in Season 4.
If that were the case, the Vulcans would have protect Earth from the Xindi.
The MACOs said their service had only been operation for two years at one point and they had only encountered simulated combat while training on the moon.
When was this established?
Sci said:
Or is Starfleet autonomous?
It's possible, as I noted above. And, as I understand it, the US President can't just issue an order to a NASA employee, since NASA isn't part of the Armed Forces and thus his role as "commander-in-chief" is inapplicable to them. So it's not unreasonable to think that the UE Starfleet has only just started to assume some of the responsibilities of a military, and that the legalities of things -- such as chains of command -- haven't necessarily caught up yet, too.
Hoshi brought up the chain of command. I was using this as an example to prove that Samuels isn’t the Prime Minister. If Admiral Gardner, and Forest before him didn’t answer to anyone at the top of the UE, then doesn’t that make them, much like NASA as you say, a corporation (or a glee club since there is no money)?
NASA is not a corporation. It's a government agency, and an independent executive branch one at that (meaning it's not part of one of the departments). The President can appoint the head of NASA, and Congress determines its budget and what its money goes for -- but NASA employees aren't part of a military chain of command (unless they're
also members of the US Armed Force, which many, though not all, astronauts are).
In any event, it's possible that UESF is an independent agency (meaning, not part of any department) whose head is appointed by the UE President or PM (or perhaps by the President on the advice of the PM) and whose budget is controlled by the Parliament. Or it's possible that it's regarded as a semi-military organization with a chain of command that reaches all the way up to a UE President. It hasn't been established.
Book Samuels = Prime Minister
TV Samuels = NOT Prime Minster
That's one interpretation of the canonical evidence, but it's not the only one. There only inconsistency with saying that Samuels was PM is that he was only ever addressed as "Minister" in the canon, which implies a Cabinet position but not the premiership -- but the novel got around that by having him addressed as both "Prime Minister" and "Minister."
A Minister would be outside the chain of command. A Prime Minister wouldn’t.
Yes, a PM would.
That is if we can sort out if the Prime Minister is the Highest Civilian Authority in the United Earth Government and the commander in chief of the Earths Military?
Keep in mind that terms like "highest civilian authority" are kinda off-base. Government isn't typically a straight linear progression from "lower authority" to "higher authority;" it's not the military. There are separations of powers and checks and balances, especially in a US-style system (where the President is not higher than the Congress and Supreme Court, but, rather, co-equal with them and possessing a different range of responsibilities), but also within a parliamentary system.
The question isn't "highest authority," as though we're comparing a flag officer to a commander. The question is, "head of government" and "head of state."
Sci said:
Yet another possible explanation is that Samuels may have the legal authority to issue an order to the UE Starfleet Command Council, but that only the Command Council may issue an order to Hoshi through Captain Archer's commanding officer -- in other words, that he can issue orders, but not directly.
That’s plausible. Remember how Hoshi wouldn’t let him call out to get some one to order her to fire, and she wouldn’t let him because they were running black? (I swear I haven’t watched this episode in three years.) So really, that’s exactly what happened. Although I insist on the TV show he wasn’t the Prime Minister.
Again, that's a valid interpretation of the canonical evidence, but it's not the
only valid interpretation.
Really, he could have just gone down to engineering and got Kelby who was a Commander and forced her to obey Archers orders. She was disobeying Archers orders by giving him another 2 minutes past Paxton’s deadline. Someone on the Bridge should have assumed command and saved Earth from getting fragged like Archer wanted. I’m guessing, but someone on that bridge must have outranked Hoshi. Everyone else there can’t have also been an Ensign with less seniority?
Well, if we accept the novels, he could have taken the initiative and woken Commander Donna O'Neil, the night-shift watch officer, from her illness-induced slumber, informed her of the situation, and then Commander O'Neil could have gone on-duty and relieved Hoshi -- but that would have taken some time.
Sci said:
It's not like Starfleet is a division of the United Earth Space Probe Agency or anything.
Actually, if the seal we saw in the conference room in "Demons" was accurate, the United Earth Starfleet
is a division of the United Earth Space Probe Agency! Heck, maybe only the Minister for UESPA can issue orders!
They mentioned the “Probe Agency” agency a couple times in early season one too. What do you mean if the seal was accurate? I just took it to mean that every seal I saw before that was just too small to read because I’m all squinty… Are you saying that that seal was freshly designed for that episode and had never been seen before?
Yeah, they made a new seal for the floor of the conference room of UESF HQ in "Demons" that had the words "United Earth Space Probe Agency" at the bottom of the Starfleet seal's circle. There's a closeup of this new seal at the very beginning of Act I of "Demons." So it's possible that the UESF is a division of UESPA.
Sci said:
That was too a hologram Sci. Every step of the way, even the bits of the story set on Romulus, which they chuffed up to artistic interpretation by the holographer to keep the narrative straight was chewed over by Jake and Nog... If the bits set on Romulus were "chuffed up to artistic interpretation by the holographer to keep the narrative straight" and also told within the same framework as the rest of the story which trip was witness too which you claim was reality, which is as you suggest real, then the parts of the novel jake and Nog were viewing set on Romulus were not "chuffed up to artistic interpretation by the holographer to keep the narrative straight"... You can't have it both ways.
Andy Mangels himself has posted here and has clarified the issue:
When we read a chapter set in the 22nd Century,
we are reading the actual events. Period.
Andy’s input into the interpretation of the material is just as valid as anyone else’s the minute he sends it off to his editor followed by the printer if he has to source outside information he couldn’t be bothered to put into the book or was cut out of the book to explain events which should be self-evident, then that’s cheating. However, I’m rolling back my opinion on it all being fake, since really the chapter headings took such great care to focus where and when in time and space each segment of the story was taking place…
Exactly. And the chapter headings didn't say, "Louisiana, Early 25th Century," as they would if we were seeing a hologram of the events.