How I see it, a fresh out of the box hologram with factory settings cannot pass a Turing test, because slavery is wrong.
Kes thought that a fresh out of the box hologram with factory settings could pass a Turing test, or at least a Turing test that she administers, and grades. Pretty girl, but there's nothing but porridge between her ears in season one.
"Sigh"
By season 7 a lot of weird shit had happened to the Doctor, and he had been running continuously for 10 years, so he was nowhere near factory settings and I concede that he was probably "sentient".
So the only question is: When between Endgame and Caretaker, what exact moment did the Doctor stop being a program, and start being alive?