The Bajorans were still in a state of moderate chaos that first year. Their government was provisional, and not far from collapsing into Civil War. Teaching children on a space station was not a government priority. Most people had been leaving the station before Sisko "talked" Quark into staying, and than they moved the station to the newly discovered wormhole. This did two things. One, it made Bajor and the station important. Two, it took the station out of transporter range of Bajor. I would guess that prior to the move, any children on the station could go to school on Bajor. Even if they just shuttled down like a school bus load, it would be quick when the station was still in orbit of Bajor.