My point is the mind/body division is fundamental to Trek, and goes all the way back to TOS.
I believe that, while not explicitly stated, it's the spirit behind the idea that the transporter does NOT kill a person and then create a new one.
Rather than using the word
soul, I like to think that Star Trek of the future has developed a keen understanding of
consciousness, and as it turns out said consciousness is not necessarily tethered to the physical body.
It's why transporters work. It's why Spock's Katra could be put into GenesisSpock. It's why non-corporeal beings... exist. It's why Picard could become GolemPicard.
Going with this idea, I think it adds a new and somewhat terrifying depth to TNG "Second Chances"... transporters don't make a copy. It's just not what happens. It's not how the technology works. A copy WAS made, but in the metaphysical... either Riker's "soul" was duplicated, or it was also split into two. I prefer to think of it as the former and ponder the implication... Star Trek has the power to
create souls. They don't know HOW or WHY, but their technology did it.
I also like to think that while people know about this, and it's part of the application of some technology... given the massive implications such understanding has, it's something not really spoken of. There's some canon to back that up in the form of Lower Decks... how Shax literally returned from the afterlife, something that oddly common enough, and the entire crew made a point to
not talk about it. Under any circumstances.
Although really, in a world of Q's and Trelane's and Organians and all manner of things... the idea that there is something
more within sentient, sapient creatures isn't really all that shocking.
(There are some obvious limitations to the technology/understanding. They can't really "cheat death"... they can't make a transporter copy and just slap a "soul" into it. They can't just make an android body to do it... reliably, anyway. You still, usually, need "the original" to accept it. GenesisSpock was... close enough.)