Not during Enterprise's time more the TOS movies from the little bit I saw, I know that Picard said it led to decades of war but does that necessarily mean it had to happen right away? I mean roll a snowball down a hill can cause a avalanche so perhaps it's seen as if it was felt that Archer could have done better with the Klingons and that he was the 'snowball' slowly trickling down hill?
That's how I see it happening.
There is talk in ENT of needing something like the Prime Directive, and Archer learns from T'Pol in terms of not judging alien cultures. However, I don't there is any explicit discussion of how to initiate and navigate relations with alien societies.
We see from Vulcan's treatment of Earth that they have a sense of guardianship in that context. But what are their procedures for meeting species that are on an equal footing, and prepared to be hostile? Based on their relations with Andoria, perhaps this is something Vulcan has not yet worked out.
The Vulcan attitude towards the Klingons seems to be "These guys are dangerous and unpredictable - we'd better keep them at arm's length." Then Archer goes charging in and thinks he's making friends because he's done them some favours, forgetting that putting someone in your debt may create resentment rather than gratitude. There's your Star Trek optimism in action. Maybe it will work in some contexts, but not everyone will become your buddy if you smile and try to shake their hand.
So Earth's naivity and lack of fore-thought led to bad stuff happening. Eventually, policy was created to prevent the situation from occurring again.
The famous Picard quote is:
...there is no starship mission more dangerous than that of first contact. We never know what we will face when we open the door on a new world, how we will be greeted, what exactly the dangers will be. Centuries ago, a disastrous contact with the Klingon Empire led to decades of war. It was decided then we would do surveillance before making contact. It was a controversial decision. I believe it prevented more problems than it created.
In the case of societies that already have the tech for interstellar travel, "surveillance" as such might not be an option, but I think we can assume that careful research and analysis would be done to determine how diplomatic relations should proceed. Thus the Federation learned from Archer's mistakes.
(BTW, I realise from reading Picard's speech that I was wrong to suggest that war may not have occurred. It obviously did.)
