In "Nor the Battle to the Strong" I think they mentioned that the Klingons were using mortars. They were definitely shelling the area at least.
While in the 24th century transporters would remove most of the need for personnel carriers also in "Nor the Battle..." we hear the Klingons are using transporter scramblers or inhibitors and that the Starfleet defenders are being shuttled around in "hoppers", which the name suggests are capable of flight.
In "Nemesis" we had the Argo buggy, which came with a mounted phaser. Despite the dubious reasons for using it in the movie, it could function as the 24th century equivalent of a Fast Attack Vehicle/Desert Patrol Vehicle.
As for tanks, would they need them? An armed shuttle could do everything a tank could do, it isn't hampered by terrain, it is faster and can strike anywhere on a planet, it can reach orbit. It is also a personnel carrier since it can "shuttle" troops around, if it has a transporter even better.
Starships could take the role of artillery pieces, able to strike from long range and the safety of space. Though it is interesting that in the two ground battles we saw no one seemed to bother with maintaining orbit superiority or whatever you call it. Plus if a torpedo real did have a 1.5 kg anti-matter warhead...a starship should be easily able to wipe out entire armies with no effort. As for phasers...was it Kirk who stunned an entire city with his ship's phasers?