Meredith,
Voltage don't kill it is Amps that does the frying!!
Regular static shocks from walking across carpet can be in the tens of thousands of volts but less than 1 milliampre.
Think of Voltage as Pressure and Amps as Flow.
I thought wattage was more important. Watt = Volts x Amps
Well yes, but it's actually voltage drop x Amps. The more resistance the body offers, the greater the voltage drop.
If he was a perfect conductor, there would be zero voltage drop = he's dissipating zero watts = no damage.
If he were a perfect insulator, there would be no Amps = he's dissipating zero watts = no damage.
It's the stuff that's partially conductive that is dissipates the most watts. Human bodies are partially conductive. Since the train was a far better conductor (<1ohm), the voltage drop across the boy would have been pretty much as high as the voltage rating of the power line.
Also, it isn't as simple as resistance when you're dealing with AC. Replace Resistance with Impedance.
Static shocks from clothing are relatively harmless because there is negligible Charge. This limits the power dissipation to a split second of discharge time : Time = Charge / Amps. So the discharge event is over before a neuron has time to fire, which is around 1/20000 th of a second.