ad_nauseam said:
I'm not concerned with the number of times a Vulcan appears in the crowd, or a handful of one-shot characters, or honestly even the lack of a major character who happens to be Vulcan. They're missing from the political side of the series, the Dominion War. As I finish season 6, I haven't seen anything that would distinguish Vulcan from the Federation at all, and I'm wondering if there is a canon reason for it.
Well, Vulcan was one of the founding Federation Member States, according to "Zero Hour" (ENT). And while Vulcan apparently remains a powerful political force within the Federation (especially when the Federation was on the verge of civil war over the admission of Coridan in "Journey to Babel" [TOS]), the Federation
is, let us recall, exactly what its name implies: An interstellar federal state, not an alliance. Ergo, there
wouldn't be a political distinction between Vulcan and the Federation from the POV of foreign politics, just like there wouldn't be one between the Federation and Earth. The Federation represents Earth
and Vulcan
and Andor
and Tellar
and Betazed
and Benzar
and Bolarus
and Ardana
and Bre'el
and Coridan
and Delta
and Efros
and Grazer
and Rigel
and Risa
and Trill
and Tiburon
and Ullia
and Zakdorn... etc.
Asking for a distinction between the Federation and Vulcan in foreign politics is like asking for a distinction between the United States and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, or between the United Kingdom and Scotland, or between the Federal Republic of Germany and Bavaria.
I'm guessing that their fleet has been totally integrated with the Federation at this point, but I don't know that for sure.
For whatever it might be worth, the novels tend to imply that Federation Member States retain their domestic security forces, but that they're limited to the territory of their Member State, and the Federation Starfleet handles Federation-wide and extra-Federation issues; I imagine that the relationship is akin to that between the state militias and national guards and the Federal armed forces in the US.
I'm also guessing that politically Vulcan and the Federation are so in sync that there is no real division anymore,
Bingo.
DS9 shows the Dominion War directly affecting Klingons, Romulans, the Federation, Cardassians, and others. Betazed I'd say is accounted for; it was occupied, giving the Dominion a position where it threatened Vulcan and a few other systems, and yet no Vulcan response.
Again, it's a false distinction you're drawing between a "Vulcan" response and a "Federation" response. Vulcan is a part of the Federation, and the Federation response is the same as the Vulcan response. Wondering why there was no Vulcan response to the Dominion threatening Vulcan is like wondering why there was no New York response to 9/11.