At the moment I was watching the movie, I was thinking, "Wait, if they go to warp inside the gravity well of a black hole, that's going to cause a slingshot effect and send them two days back in time!" But then it didn't happen. ...
After 735 episodes, I am conditioned to expect a reset-button ending, so that after every major disaster, the characters simply undo everything and never have to deal with the consequences. Case in point: "Star Trek III" (Oh my god! Spock's dead! Oh, wait, he's alive again. Never mind.")
Imagine my surprise when I was actually surprised by the ending of a "Star Trek" movie.
The reset switch was pushed on the whole Star Trek back catalog. Clearly a cop out to make the life of writers easier.
No, the writers are still bound by 40 years of canon, with the added responsibility of trying to imagine the consequences of the changes in this alternate timeline within the canon.
Plus, they brilliantly avoided the prequel curse, where the audience already knows what will happen -- or worse, what CAN'T happen.
If you're sitting there thinking, "Earth and Vulcan are in no danger, since we know they are still there in the future," then the story becomes completely pointless, with no real jeopardy.
By using time travel, we cannot anticipate what will happen next, so we get the best of both worlds: familiar characters in a familiar universe, but story possibilities that are not constrained by our knowledge of how things will turn out. That's what put a creative damper on the "Star Wars" prequels. We already knew how they would end.