The Soviet Union still exists because they had Firestorms, and I guess Gorbachev decided to ignite the Second Cold War. Star City (or, rather, Starling City) was stated to be the main seat of the resistance until 2003, and Rip showed us what it would look like in alternate 2016.
So I'm guessing that the Soviets took over most of the United States, culminating in the final takeover in 2003, and the 2016 scene was a military attack on some new rebel groups. Oliver Queen is probably a senior member of the United States Communist Party (Red Arrow?).
So I'm guessing that the Soviets took over most of the United States, culminating in the final takeover in 2003, and the 2016 scene was a military attack on some new rebel groups. Oliver Queen is probably a senior member of the United States Communist Party (Red Arrow?).