That's my issue, they are the same technologies, they didn't do anything different despite the 100 gap from ENT to TOS. They missed the opportunity to create a new setting with different advantages and disadvantages.
They had pulse cannons and spatial torpedoes though.
The real issue is that the phase cannons and photonic torpedoes were never shown to have any faults to them. The phase cannon initially had a weak yield; it should have shown itself to be continually faulty and unreliable, resulting in the pulse cannon being used more. The spatial torpedoes should have returned for S4, due to there being a limited amount of photonic torpedoes that were made for the Xindi mission, as they were still experimental.
I imagine their kill only weapon being a matter of engineering, not choice. As in they cannot engineer a practical kill-stun combo weapon, and even if they could it still wouldn't be idiot proof enough to be safe. A stun only weapon, sure, but I also imagine that working like a better Taser, meaning it doesn't cause a comfy coma, it causes momentary physical collapse, and is even iffier against aliens than the phaser.
When phaser stun fails it just doesn't work, but an incompatible Taser could kill, not work, cripple, or cause any number of issues.
Except that they did engineer a kill-stun combo pre-Federation. It just couldn’t vaporize anyone, it lacked the firepower of a MACO weapon, and was rather bulky. Maybe that's what was meant by the ENT era not having any phasers; phase pistols aren't as powerful as those in the 24th century, and is limited in its abilities.
They may have also wanted to have address the stun setting's lack of power or general ineffectiveness, and split it away from the kill only weapon for the time being.
Maybe the early Federation wanted to address both problems at once.
Well cops even now carry both a Taser and a hand gun, so it is possible for a security officer to carry both on an away team ( Which should have had, like The Cage, a guy or girl carrying a backpack of stuff, like a tent, water etc. ) In Babylon 5, had PPG's plasma pulses.. and in now way were they "Stun"..
I think its safe to say that away mission policy changed between the founding of the Federation and "The Cage."
But I agree, they had to many of the conveniences of the past series in the ship.. "Protein Re-sequencer" is a food replicator.. had sub space, that was real time 100 light years away ( hell in TOS had Uhura say it would take days or weeks to get a response.. not immediate) Maybe the use of Com Drones.. or just voice transmissions..
A primitive food replicator.
Com drones should have been a thing. But the NX-01 was dropping subspace buoys to communicate with Starfleet anyways, so w/e.
Considering that the Vulcans were able to communicate with others face to face, voice communication only was not seen as realistic or acceptable to Starfleet.
For the Transporters, had a bit in the book series after that Archer and Reed were suffering some mal effects of multiple uses, and were banned for abit to just emergency's..
I can easily see 2155-56 being the period that the NX-01 starts to fall apart (transporter malfunctions, delta ray leaks in engineering, etc.), necessitating a refit.
And the transporters having negative health effects on Archer and Reed would justify Hoshi's fear of them.
For weapons, could easly had some lasers, and some type of scale able yield nuclear missiles
I think the lasers came after, along with the Daedalus class ships.
Wasn't there a whole revamp of warp-scales between TOS and TNG, roughly that TNG speeds are '1' warp factor ahead of the old scale? Eg TOS Warp 8 is their 7.
I wonder if there was an adjustment to the warp scale between ENT and TOS. Resulting in the NX-class, ECS cargo ships, and many other ships from rival powers to be considered sublight ships 100 years later?