Major spoilers to follow ...
One of the things that disappointed me about the new film was the loosey goosey portrayal of Starfleet. What we saw was an organization with a flimsy organizational structure and a total lack of the military-esque discipline we have seen in every other incarnation of the show.
The "original idea" was that rank in Starfleet was more ceremonial than military. Meyer mostly injected the military aspect in it, but Starfleet was never meant to be a strict military organization.
First, we get Kirk being totally called out for a disciplinary action in front of the whole academy. WTF. Is there any way this isn't handled privately?
They were making an example of him. It also could be construed as a "trial" which are open to anyone who wants to watch.
Then, the whole idea that the fleet is away on exercises and can't go to Vulcan. Huh? The whole fleet of ships tasked with exploring the galaxy are all exploring one specific sector of it at the same time?
The hero being the only one nearby is hardly a new concept or one unique to only Trek.
Except for the seven or so ships that happen to be in Earth orbit. But these ships don't have an actual crew and need the friggin' cadets to staff them? WTF? Why would Starfleet keep ships in orbit and no one around to staff them, especially the new flagship of the fleet?
It should be noted cadets go through four years of schooling to do their "jobs" and are just as ready to man the ships as anyone else -if inexperienced practically- it also could be the cadets were supposed to be more spread out across the fleet with experienced crew roations to the new vessels. The Vulcan emergency changed all of that.
And then six of the ships are wiped out in the first minutes of the battle, killing how many cadets?
They didn't know Vulcan was being attacked. They thought it was a "more natural" disaster. The cadets were going there for humanitarian aid. To "fill sandbags and hand out water bottles."
That should lead to some lawsuits from some angry parents.
These "kids" were in the early or mid twenties. Therefor not much under the influence of their parents. It's also possible Starfleet, like our own military (though Starfleet isn't strictly military) is immune from civil action due to loss of life in the course of duty. ALSO it's very unlikely people int he 23rd century sue over trivial matters anymore.
Then we get acting captains tossing people off their ship on a whim, which is just bad form.
Kirk said as much in his "log" to his communicator. Spock likely reasoned that Kirk was more trouble than he was worth and would still be a hassle even int he brig. He kicked him off the ship where the pod's computer told him someone would come scoop him up. (If not someone from the nearby base, someone from outside the planet.)
And on top of that, one of the cadets disobeys orders several times and ends up saving the day.
Jim Kirk. Have you met him?
And for this he not only gets to graduate the academy early,
Krik implied he'd graduate early already to Pike when boarding the recruit shuttle.
but gets to skip the general rank structure to become Captain of the friggin flagship? WTF?
Well, I agree, but again the "rank structure" is more ceremonial than official. Kirk just prooved himself ready is all.
Not to mention that the guy who was actually acting captain of the ship did as much to save Earth, and he just kind of gets passed over, especially after his planet is blown up. His only real lapse is when the other guy goaded him into an outburst. I'd say under the circumstances Spock acted beautifully.
Kirk was more insturmental in everything, firstly in knowing that the incident over Vulcan was a trap and in his thoughs on what Nero was doing and what to do to stop him. Had Spock gotten his way -had Kirk not been able to get back on the Enterprise- Earth would've been destroyed. Earth was only saved because Kirk followed his strong instincts, got Spock to step down, and then acted on his own impulses. It wasn't until after having a "moment" with Sarek did Spock come around and work with Kirk.