If that's what an old constitution class can do what can the Enterprise D or E do to a planet?
The D was not a warship, but a research vessel with defensive capability. Just because it was larger doesn't mean it would've had more powerful weapons. The E was a post-Borg design, though, so it was probably more geared toward combat.
Again, though, all you need to cause a mass extinction is one shuttlecraft at high impulse. Or a tractor beam to accelerate an asteroid onto an impact trajectory.