I would say the Cardassians' main positive attributes (in the time period we actually saw) of devotion to duty, family, etc, were really not that different from the Klingons' devotion to honor.
Yes, they cared about family. But only their own and only if it was officially recognized, not illegitimate children. Yes, they cared about duty and loyalty. But we also regularly saw them go against the State/their orders out of both fundamental disagreements with what they were told and just plain selfish personal gain. They cared about Justice, but only as a public perception not a real thing of value in its own right.
They were, at the core, a society all about appearances of Duty, Loyalty, Family, Devotion, etc, but which under the surface was deeply chaotic and unpredictable with no truly dependable principles by which you could judge them. Which is part of what makes them more realistic and fascinating than the average Trek race since the planet of hats version of world building where an entire species with almost no exceptions adores religion, profit, logic, etc, is totally ridiculous.