Given the experimental nature of the Protostar (which would suggest an advanced propulsion system among other things - and most likely how it ended up in the DQ), how long could the premise with the kids being in charge of the Protostar last before it actually RETURNS to the Federation?
Granted, it may take a couple of years for holo Janeway to train them up in Protostar functions (so they can unlock its full potential) and UFP principles and ideals.
And if 'Captain Chakotay' will make a debut (which has been said)... it would suggest the Protostar will at least get in touch with UFP this season (I think) and the kids could end up communicating with him as an official liasion (with holo Janeway in the mix) - at least before Admiral Janeway makes a debut at some point.
Unless Chakotay left the Federation and became an independent captain that's not part of Starfleet... which is possible, but would seem like a potential step back for him given all the work he did with Janeway in the DQ.
I was also giving something else more thought.
What if the Protostar did get to the DQ via an experimental propulsion technology, BUT also had temporal mishap in the mix?
This could also explain existence of AQ aliens (beyond the Caretaker kidnapping AQ transport ships) and kids/teens specifically who have 0 knowledge of the Federation (the Protostar crew having kids of their own and overall knowledge being lost over time) and how the Diviner (whose origins remain unknown) spent 'all these years' looking for the Protostar.
The sentence 'all these years' seems a bit too long for something as relatively 'short' as say 3 or 4 years (if the Protostar disappeared about a year or two after Voyager returned). A decade or two on the other hand is more plausible (but that would well predate the Protostar's launch - and the Diviner had to have some kind of inside info on the ship which would make it of particular interest to him).
The Diviner's daughter is a teen (I think)... and unless she has a very fast maturation cycle (which I admit is more than possible given that Ktarians mature at least 50% faster than Humans), I find it unlikely she was born on that prison colony - but then again, we know nothing of that species or their maturation cycle.
Btw... anyone else notice the Protostar's bridge has a striking resemblence to the Delta Flyer canopy?
This season is one long story, so assuming they're not BS'ing us with the 2383 date, then they'll probably be pursued separately by Chakotay and the Diviner, while Dal thinks of ways not to go the Federation and the others find allies and take down the Diviner and his prison camp.
The end of the season will have them catch up with the Federation (maybe even go to Earth itself), and next season will shake things up... either with them fleeing with the Protostar, or perhaps getting a chaperone (please not Chakotay) onboard as they use it for some noble purpose (restoring the Vau N'Akat? Returning Dal to his people?) that will take up Season 2.