The novels generally go with the idea that double duty XOs were rare to the point that Spock and Number One were exceptions rather than the rule. On screen, this is somewhat reflected to an extent, Decker only took on double duty due to emergency circumstances, and the XOs we've seen on Disco don't seem to have been doing double duty.Can we really say for sure the double duty was common to 23rd century Starfleet?
I kind of wonder about the 22nd century. On the NX-01 T'Pol was XO, though she was a late addition to the crew so it kind of makes me wonder who would have gotten the position had the Vulcans not insisted on T'Pol being on board the ship? Trip, maybe? Though it seems odd to me to have the chief engineer double as XO, they're both jobs that would require one's undivided attention.
For that matter, who was XO on Columbia? Trip was the highest ranking officer seen on the ship after Captain Hernandez, but he only stayed on the ship for a week, so even if he was XO, who took over after he left?