To those posters who think that Starfleet should not built dedicated combat vessels in addition to dedicated exploration vessels,
That would be an odd position to take, since we've seen a lot of a dedicated combat vessel: the
Defiant, and her class. But!
Defiant was constructed in response to an immediate threat, the Borg. There's also those smaller, fighter-like craft seen in some of the big battle scenes, but those have always struck me as the kind of craft that would be built as anti-Maquis vessels, designed to infiltrate the Badlands were size is a disadvantage. These vessels will no doubt remain in service as long as they can function; still, looking at the fleets were saw, most are just regular Starfleet vessels pressed into combat. Starfleet seems to take the very reasonable position that there's no cause to building combat vessels if there's no cause to use them.
and who think that the Federation should not have a standing military....
On this point, however, there's never been any evidence of a standing army for the Federation. During the Dominion War, which would have been the best time to deploy such a force, who was actually doing the fighting? The regular, rank-and-file Starfleet officers. Here's a comparison to illustrate how I see it. The members of the Klingon Defence Force see themselves as warriors, first and foremost, then by their specializations - gunner, pilot, engineer, etc. These are the fashions in which they contribute to battle. Starfleet is the inverse: they are identified first and foremost by their specialization, and are all secondarily soldiers when the need arises (it seems all officers, even the medical personal, receive basic combat training). The closest we've ever come to seeing Starfleet personel who were first and foremost soldiers was the Siege of AR-..., and there's nothing to say that they weren't just regular (or even specialized in security) officers who had, as the episode stated, been stuck in combat too long. Indeed, the way the Defiant crew seamlessly reinforces their lines, and the speed with which Nog adopts their sensibilities, demonstrate to me that most officers have this secondary soldier role, which is adopted in times of need. The best real-world analogy I can think of (and I'm not an expert on the subject, so others can correct me) is the 'weekend warrior' phenomenon, where reservists have other, primary careers that can be set aside to go into soldier mode when the need for soldiers arises (or, you as know, when a war-mongerer seizes power).
Why, exactly? The fact that you possess a military does not mean that you are inherently going to use it and does not necessarily mean that your foreign policy is going to be militaristic and expansionist. You can have a standing military to act as a legitimate self-defense force; the notion that there's some sort of conflict between making sure that you have a strong defense while still seeking peaceful relations with other societies seems very counter-intuitive. The military, after all, in a healthy and functional liberal democracy -- which the Federation seems to be -- does not make policy, but merely obeys the commands of the civilian government. "Theirs is not to reason why/Theirs is but to do or die" and all that.
Since we've been trading quotes, here's another:
"A standing military force, with an overgrown Executive will not long be safe companions to liberty." --James Madison, 1787
Words whose applicability is just as relevant today as it was then, with the only difference being that the standing military and the overgrown executive is currently more a threat to liberty abroad than domestically. Madison specifically cites an overgrown executive (such as we currently have) as a pre-condition, but I think it illustrates that while all this stuff about militaries being functional in healthy democracies is fine in theory, at the practical level things are never so ideal. There's always going to be assholes with itchy trigger fingers, and we've yet to determine a way of preventing such bottomfeeders from succeeding in politics and putting themselves in a position of control.
I'm actually not opposed to having trained, armed forces available
per se, but I have my own pre-conditions. First, of course, is to manage the size of such armies, to prevent the run-away, bloated militaries of nations like China and the United States. Second, such forces should be chartered with clear roles that prioritize peacekeeping and disaster relief as the function of the standing forces; they are not to be sent into combat proper unless in the defence of the nation against
actual aggression (and not the petty posturing of dictators) or in defence of a allied party against such aggression. Bref, the standing army should not be of the mindset that it's purpose is to
fight (and all the associated baggage of people trained to kill, a number of who come to actually crave such violence, the problems created by having idle warriors), but to
defend.
And then there's the whole military-industrial thing, the business that has arisen from warfare. A large standing army spawns its own cottage industry providing weaponry, etc. But since people begin to question the need for all those expenses if there's no clear foe against which to use them, the standing army requires the constant creation of such opponents in order to keep the financial spigots flowing. It creates the situation were the standing army (and those who profit from it, who, given the sums we're talking about, always seem in a position to exert undue political influence) are inimical to peace. Finally, there's the fact that the large standing army is essentially a weapon pointed at one's neighbours (or whomever is the foe du jour), which can act as spoiler in those same international relations even when the complex isn't looking to sabotage things. Think of what Bush's latest missile defence wetdream has done with our relations with the Russians. Even though I'm sure those who genuinely believe such a thing is more than an excuse to hand out fat contracts for non-functional systems have zero intent of using it against the Russians, they are quite justifiably upset at the proliferation of arms on their doorstep. Standing armies are just the human component of that same phenomenon of distrusting military build-ups on the other side of the fence.
"...ain't got friend, but the undertaker..."
Fictitiously yours, Trent Roman