The Federation would preserve the bubble with their non-interference provision in the case of that tribe. But there's complications in that these Klingons don't neat exactly fit into an ignorant tribe category. The elders know about but are concealing their history and Worf being a Klingon, we shouldn't necessarily transpose a human ethic on a Klingon situation.
But Worf was affording these kids a new perspective and forcefully arguing his own pitch. They are all still his people, he can make that intervention. Equally, other people in their colony can and do argue in defence of their own new system but it's ultimately Worf's persuasion that wins the day. These are young adults too, they have the authority to make that call even if it's the wrong one - which it may or not be.
This episode partially reminds me of the Paradise episode in DS9 where Sisko and O'Brien rebel against a Luddite colony and then they reveal to the shipwrecked they are there by the design of their leader rather than by an accident of circumstance, something the leader had concealed from them. In a similar way Worf - as Sisko did - believed that it was a moral imperative to confront a system that actually had alot to commend to it but a system that was based partially on a pointed lie.