The only real issue in STID is warp speed.
The Moon is only 384 400km from Earth, the speed of light is 299 792km/sec which places the moon at ~1.3 light seconds from Earth. If they where at any fraction of Impulse speeds they could be anywhere from 5 seconds to a minute from Earth. Even with thrusters they might only be a couple of minutes from Earth. The Apollo spacecraft only had a top speed of around 11km/s (39897km/h).
That's still not how orbit mechanics works. If the ship would be SO fast, there's no chance it would hit earth, the gravitaional well would tow it around it and throw it back into space. If by some tiny chance it
would have the right trajectory to hit earth, it would be SO FAST it would immediatly smash from the outer atmosphere to the ground in mere miliseconds, not even enough time to completely burn in the atmosphere - not fall majestic through the clouds.
I always felt this was more of a telepathic vision (similar to how he felt the death of Intrepid in "The Immunity Syndrome"), not that he could actually see Vulcan destroyed visually.
Pretty much that, it was all in his mind's eye. But people didn't get that because they were too caught up in minutiae like Rahul.
Yes, and Chris Pine watching the Enterprise being constructed in Iowa was also only his mental image, and the ship was really built in space the whole time
It
is a good non-canon fan theory to explain the event. But as was seen with Starkiller Base in Force Awakens, everything
was really intended how we saw it, and JJ.Abrams really only does not now how far apart stars are from each other
/how fast light travels.
DISCLAIMER:
This is really only about the science of the movie. It has
nothing to do with perceived
quality of those movies. I really love movies with a lot worse depiction of science than in those. For the record: I personally liked
Trek09, really don't like
Into Darkness, but like both enough that I'm planning to watch
Beyond soon in cinemas.
It's just fun to dissect and make fun of things that are wrong in movies. Most James Bond movies have glaring plot holes. I love finding and pointing them out. I still love those movies.
Also, a lot about astronomical science falls into the category of "aluminium christmas trees", where reality and real occurences often behave very counter-intuitive. As such a lot of "realistic" depictions seem totally off and bonkers, and even look like plot contrievances as far as the gut feeling of general audiences goes, whereas complete intuitive things (re: JJ Abrams) are totally wrong, but often only noticable for people with some specialization in the field.
I always love correct scientific portrayals in movies, because I think that's the best way to bring knowledge to a broader range of poeple that normally wouldn't keep themselves busy with that. I still adore the Stargate episode with the wormhole. And thereby every step back or major fuck-up in the science department of a movie get's slammed by me. It's still only
a small part of the overall experience.