Re: Why do i see full captain for small ships like oberths and defiant
A couple of nitpicks:
1) In "11001001", Commander Quinteros wasn't said to be in charge of the gigantic floating city of SB74. He was merely in charge of repairing the computers of Picard's ship. In all likelihood, that vast installation had at least a Commodore in charge, and perhaps an Admiral of higher rank.
The tiny outpost DS9 would thus be our first prominent instance of a non-flag officer being in charge of a space station. Although we did see an even smaller station under the command of a Lieutenant in "Aquiel", and a Commander was also in charge of the Epsilon Nine comm station in ST:TMP.
2) The
Antares of "Charlie X" was commanded by a person who wore the same blouse that Kirk had worn in "Where No Man". Those two braid in the TOS style of uniforms denoted Commander - and it seems quite implausible that Starfleet would allow them to denote anything else in any other uniform style in parallel use. So Captain Ramart was probably a Commander, thus our first CO of lower than O-6 rank. Unless, of course, Captain Kirk had also been a Commander in "Where No Man", a distinct possibility. The next case would be Commander Markel from TAS "Eye of the Beholder"...
3) The backstory for Picard and
Stargazer is quite fuzzy, and most of the claims about Picard's early exploits and career developments are false. This holds for at least the following canonically unsupported ideas:
-Picard was a Lieutenant Commander when performing the heroic action that later gained him the command of the
Stargazer
-This happened in 2333 sharp
-This resulted in Picard being captain to the vessel for the next 22 years
-This resulted in Picard holding Captain rank for the next 22 years
-Picard was thus the youngest Starfleet captain ever
None of these claims find support from "The Battle", "Conspiracy", "Tapestry" or a combination thereof.
That was because the "Captain" was supposed to be the nutjob scientist. I have to admit that was a bit of a

moment for me, as even if the Captain was reassigned while a top of the line starship was sent on a science mission, it still should have had a few more senior officers on board.
I kind of like the idea that Dr. Seyetlik was sitting on two stools on the
Prometheus. For all we know, he held full Captain rank in Starfleet, and just preferred civilian garb to the unstylish uniform.
I want to agree that the junior Lieutenant in charge of the bridge was on a relatively low rung of the ship's rank ladder. The First Officer might have been on any one of three basic side tracks during the events:
-Sulking in his or her cabin because Seyetlik had alienated him just as he had made enemies of everybody else he ever ran into.
-On the lower decks, making sure nobody interfered with Seyetlik's flight because the terraformer had earned his or her undying devotion just as he had enthralled everybody else he ever ran into.
-On the floor of Shuttlebay One, down for the count because Seytlik had to stun him or her in order to gain access to the starfuze pod.
Timo Saloniemi