I don't think anyone can really "fail" it, unless they break down crying on the bridge begging for someone to help them. The important thing is to see that the cadet stays in control, even in the face of certain death.
Exactly so.
The test is intentionally designed to make this happen, or at least try to. It throws up as many challenges as it can. The point is to MAKE the cadet break down and totally lose their shit. The only way the cadet can fail is if this happens.
If they act like Saavik or Kirk, where they fight back as best they can, even in the face of certain death, they pass.
I agree that's the basic point, but i don't think it's necessarily the only way to fail. For instance, if your actions reveal that you don't give a damn about civilian lives at all, that would be a failure. As would an attitude that amounted to thinking that your duty is to always charge in no matter the situation with no concern for the risks you're taking. Of course, one would hope these candidates would've been weeded out of the academy already, but you never know.
Also, candidates who honestly did make very bad mistakes, like not even trying to scan the area, or becoming obsessed with 'by the book' procedures to the point that they couldn't make their own decision may not come off looking too hot, even if they technically didn't 'fail'.
The test is winnable without cheating.
Stay at the very edge of the Neutral Zone.
Scan the ship for life-signs.
Life-Signs detected.
Have all hands stand by at each and every Transporter Room.
Very calculated Warp-2 jump and stop right next to the Maru.
As soon as the Ship stops, everyone is locking on and beaming survivors over.
Klingons decloak, still a few seconds before they charge up weapons to fire, you have your Crew lay down a full spread of repeated cover fire.
Last of the Maru are aboard, Warp-9 the f outta there, no lives lost on any of the Maru or your ship!
This entire plan assumes that you know ahead of time what will happen, even though the entire point of the test is that you DON'T know what will happen. And it would still be doomed to fail, since you can't possibly beam that many people out in the handful of seconds before the klingons open fire - and without shields, you're instantly dead.