The game desperately needs a death penalty, any kind of death penalty however benign would be better than the near instant respawn that exists currently. As it is there is no risk in this game, it is literally impossible to lose. In fact in many cases it is beneficial to get killed.
Also some sandbox elements would be nice.
I hope there isn't a death penalty. STO doesn't need one. There are still too many bugs in the game for one to be effective. You'd lose many players just on the fact that when they warped into a new system, they were attacked and destroyed by 3 +38 Romulan D'Deridex ships. I've joined "Defend the Sirius Sector" missions only to be attacked upon entering the system by a +38 Negh'Var warship with 3 +18 Birds of Prey.
These issues need to be fixed regardless of whether there is a death penalty or not. In fact, as many others have pointed out, if there was a death penalty, there would be much more outrage about the issues you mentioned, which hopefully, would force Cryptic to fix these problems more promptly than otherwise.
As it is now, no one really cares because you are basically invincible.