(Incidentally, does anyone here believe that Spock was the first Vulcan in Starfleet? If so, how do you reconcile that with Starfleet being a Federation organization and Vulcan being a founding UFP member? Just curious as it I think it is somewhat relevant to the OP.)
I would say Starfleet was a mostly Human dominated institution up to the 23d century..
I think that Spock was the first Vulcan to graduate Starfleet academy and serve on a ship that wasn't solely a Vulcan ship. That's what made him a trendsetter, as well as caused the friction with his father.
I agree with these two assessments. I'm thinking that Vulcans (and other member worlds) probably had their own Academy that their people who staffed their ships went to. They probably shared technology and uniforms, but staffed and operated their 'own' ships,
It's probably reasonable to conclude that the Federation Starfleet of the 22nd and early-to-mid 23rd Centuries engaged in species segregation (with possible rare exceptions for PR purposes) as part of the process of gradually acclimating these previously hostile peoples -- Humans, Vulcans, Andorians, and Tellarites -- to working together. In other words, they're all Federation Starfleet ships, and they all answer to Starfleet Command, but each ship is a "Human" ship or a "Vulcan" ship. Perhaps these are actually segregated into formal divisions of Starfleet that are locally commanded out of that world's indigenous space force, which is itself integrated into the Starfleet Command structure. This would explain why Spock appears to be the only non-Human aboard the USS Enterprise and why there was a Constitution-class Federation Starfleet ship that was crewed only by Vulcans in "The Immunity Syndrome," and would explain why Kirk calls the Enterprise a "United Earth ship" in "The Corbomite Maneuver" and other early TOS eps before they invented the Federation and Starfleet for "Court Martial."
Spock may well have achieved infamy by being the first Vulcan to serve aboard one of Starfleet's Human ships. Given that, it's possible that there may be a Human out there to achieved fame by being the first Human to serve aboard one of Starfleet's Vulcan ships, etc.
But there's no logical way to defend the idea of Spock being the first Vulcan in Starfleet after what would have been at least 50 to 60 years of Federation, especially given that all-Vulcan crew of the USS Intrepid. There's no evidence that he was, and the canon strongly works against it.
sort of like how Galactica 'belonged' to Caprica on BSG.
Galactica did not "belong" to Caprica in any way. It belonged to the Twelve Colonies of Kobol. It might have been named to represent Caprica in the Colonial Fleet, but that's not the same thing. Now, Caprica unofficially dominated the Twelve Colonies, sure, but saying that Galactica belonged to Caprica is a bit like saying that the HMS Ark Royal somehow belongs to England. It does not -- it belongs to the United Kingdom.
So in short, I think Spock was also the first (half-)Vulcan to go to the Earth Starfleet Academy rather than the Vulcan Science Academy (which was no doubt its equivalent),
The Vulcan Science Academy is definitely not the Vulcan campus of Starfleet Academy. Sarek makes it very clear that it is a civilian Vulcan institution in "Journey to Babel."