As Doug Drexler says, "no ape-brain thinking!"
Yeah I doubt the Vulcans would want to interfere with pre-warp Vulcanoids, like the Mintakans. This goes both against the prime directive (which the Vulcans came up with), and they probably would not see logic in it. Mintakans are descended from Vulcans, but maybe the Vulcans don't consider Mintakans "vulcan enough," culturally or physiologically.
Also, I doubt the Romulans would feel much obligation to help the Vulcans, either. From the Romulan point of view, they're ancestors left Vulcan out of disgust for the philosophy of Surak (which in of itself, seems odd...why not just conquer the pacifists?). Be that as it may, Romulan culture is now a separate and different culture, and it is very possible that along the way during their exodus to the Romulus system, the ancestors of the Romulans may have intermarried with other races along the way, so the "modern" Romulans may not even be of a 100% pure Vulcan bloodline, thereby making them either a hybrid species, or even a new, separate species that are simply descended from Vulcans. Given that, and similar to how Vulcans may view Mintakans not being "Vulcan enough,"Romulans may not even consider Vulcans worth bothering with because Romulans may feel that Vulcans are culturally and racially inferior.
Also, once news reached Romulus that Nero was a Romulan of an alternate timeline (relative to them), it's possible that the Romulans are expecting a retaliatory attack from the UFP, so they would be more likely double down on their isolationism, and probably ramp up their military to prepare for an attack. With the events of Admiral Marcus in STID, that would only confirm Romulan fears of a UFP attack. So, I doubt the Romulans would help Vulcan.
So, I think as alluded to in STID, Vulcans would simply work on rebuilding their culture on New Vulcan. I think we have reason to believe that the "10,000 Vulcans left" cited in Star Trek 2009, may be referring to residents of Vulcan Proper. Let's not forget that Vulcan had an unspecified number of colonies according to Star Trek Enterprise, like P'Jem for example, which may add to the total population of Vulcans still living. So I like to think that maybe the number is much higher.
But even if there were only 10,000 Vulcan left, that is a lot of Vulcans. First, don't forget that 23rd century Vulcans have technology we can't conceive of, so they can either clone or produce many test-tube babies in incubators. In a single generation, they could possibly turn 10,000 into millions (think Kamino from Star Wars). Second, Vulcan physiology is much tougher than human physiology, so if Vulcan wanted to do it the old fashioned way, maybe Vulcan females can bear many more children, both during a single pregnancy, and during a lifetime. If Vulcans encouraged their population to multiply and used both methods, I think by the 24 century it's VERY possible to have a population of a billion or more Vulcans, especially if cloning or other fertility methods were instituted (EG: ensure each pregnancy had 6 children, if not more), given Vulcans' long lifespans.
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