Indeed... I don't think these tractor beams are mighty pieces of hardware at all. They just achieve mighty things!
A tiny runabout was able to tractor the biggest Cardassian warship in "Emissary". So it's not the output power of the towing ship that matters, at least not much. The wimpy Wesley was able to lift a chair with his beam; his arms clearly didn't have to support the weight. So it's not the propulsive power of the towing ship that matters, either. Applying a tractor beam is halfway like lashing in a steel cable. Once it's done, it's done, and keeping the hold requires no application of power. But the other half is different: once you have the enemy attached to your cable, no amount of pulling will budge either him or you, and you don't have to apply any power to fight a tug-of-war.
It's basically a "paralysis beam" or "a pair of concrete boots" in that respect, solidly anchoring you both to "the fabric of spacetime" or something, not merely to each other. Except that it also allows you to tow the enemy along - but possibly this is effortless only when the enemy isn't resisting? The evidence of utterly effortless tractoring comes from standstill scenarios (standstill apparently being a meaningful concept in the Trek universe with its non-relativistic, non-Newtonian "subspace" underlying its seemingly Newtonian/relativistic normal space).
So again I'd say tractor beams are really mundane pieces of hardware, likely to be found on every ship in at least dozens if not hundreds of applications. That they aren't weaponized more is apparently because shields almost completely negate their grip... But the E-D having, say, a hundred and fifty emitters ranging from handheld to Stargazer-towing seems likely and logical.
It's not as if any Trek episode hinges on the heroes or the villains knocking out the one and only tractor beam emitter. They may knock out the beam that holds them captive, which is already plenty enough - other beams won't kick in quickly enough to matter. Or,. more commonly, they may overload the one beam holding them by overloading the enemy vessel's power systems, in which case she won't have enough oomph to fire up another beam even if there were sixty emitters remaining for the task.
Timo Saloniemi