Well, it blew up at least one habitable in not inhabited planet: the one the Constellation crew beamed down to.
I'm not sure it could be held against the machine in court. It might have scanned the planet, found it lifeless, and then proceeded - because the victims were too few to register, or because they only beamed down there after the scan. The latter is actually quite likely: the DDM would have been fighting the starship until resistance ceased, then turned its attentions to the planet - which is also the moment when the crew would have left the ship...
Also, really, there's no indication of how powerful the machine is. Sure it didn't blow starships up with one shot, but its programming might've told it to just fire X amount of energy at a ship smaller than Y. I never through it was shooting at the Enterprise with planet-smash power.
True. But you don't kill Borg that way. You blow up their ship, then you blow up their debris, and then you blow up the dust left from the debris. Then you are done. Otherwise you have only assisted your enemy.
The one thing we are never told definitively in the episode is where exactly the DDM is in the galaxy.
True. But we follow the DDM's meanderings from star system L-370 to L-374, with supposedly at least two systems in between to justify Spock's claim that "every system" has been destroyed, even though Spock explicitly can't tell the status of a system unless the ship flies through it. This would already be enough to create such a tortuous path that Spock shouldn't be able to tell whether the DDM came from the direction of the nearest edge of the galactic disk (perhaps only a few hundred lightyears away, if it's "up" or "down" and if Spock doesn't want to count in the galactic halo) or perhaps from a completely different direction. And he still couldn't tell the distance or the time.
To use something between four and perhaps a dozen star systems as the basis for a "path", and then to project it back so that it points "outside, to another galaxy", verges on insanity. Of course any arbitrary course would eventually point "outside", and of course every course would eventually intercept "another galaxy"...
Except it's in Federation space.
Or on the edge of it. None of the lost systems are described as UFP property. Only the next system over, "the Rigel colonies", is said to be something that falls under the heroes' duty "to protect the life and safety of Federation planets".
I wonder if the Rigel colonies could be assumed to lie on the outskirts of the galaxy?
Timo Saloniemi