For a culture that we've been told for at least 40+ years that has managed to make the Earth back into a paradise, does anyone find these cities that would nearly rival Coruscant (or Trantor) to look like any kind of paradise?
Not everyone finds urban environments oppressive or unpleasant. And large urban areas are actually better for the environment than suburban environments or small towns.
Only in DS9.
In ST6, Picard and Discovery, the Commander in Chief was an admiral in Starfleet.
https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Commander_in_chief
My turn to be pedantic

that's "chief in command", not "commander in chief". There is a difference.
The President of the Federation is the actual Commander in Chief of all the Federation's military. I can't see any reason why they wouldn't be. Not the actual top ranked Admiral in Starfleet - that's the "chief in command" you just mentioned. But the specific phrase "Commander in Chief" is always the President.
Well, okay. So, to start with:
Admiral "Bill" in TUC (who is named William Smillie in the novelization, so let's just use that for convenience) is referred to as "the C-in-C." From context, this almost certainly means, "commander-in-chief." The Starfleet Commander-in-Chief appears to be the single officer in command of the entire Federation Starfleet. However, by the same token, we clearly see Fleet Admiral Smillie take orders from the Federation President (who is named Ra-ghoratreii in the novelization and later novels) in TUC.
The new Paramount+ era shows have been consistent with this. In 2259, Admiral Robert April appeals to the Starfleet C-in-C to get authorization to learn about the classified events of DIS S2 ("Strange New Worlds" [SNW]). In 2399, Fleet Admiral Kirsten Clancy is explicitly established to be the Starfleet Commander-in-Chief; she butts heads with Picard before realizing he was correct and sending a fleet to rescue him and the Coppelius Androids from the Zhat Vash ("Maps and Legends," "Broken Pieces" [PIC]). And in 3189-3190, the position of Starfleet Commander-in-Chief still exists. Fleet Admiral Charles Vance serves as C-in-C, and in 3190 he takes orders from newly-inaugurated Federation President Laira Rillak ("Die Trying," "That Hope Is You, Part II," "Kobayashi Maru," "All In," "The Galactic Barrier," et al [DIS]). This is, again, consistent with Fleet Admiral Smillie being C-in-C of Starfleet but still taking orders from President Ra-ghoratreii in TUC.
In "Homefront" (DS9), Federation President Jaresh-Inyo refers to himself as "his [Vice Admiral Leyton's] commander-in-chief." (Incidentally, Leyton
acts like the commanding officer of the entire Starfleet even though he's only a Vice Admiral.) This line establishes the Federation President's command authority over Starfleet -- command authority already seen in TUC and in TVH.
In a moment, I'm going to explain why there is no conflict between the President being the commander-in-chief and the commanding officer of Starfleet having the title of commander-in-chief.
I mean, isn't that for the best, anyway? Why wouldn't the President have ultimate authority over Starfleet? You can't 'really have a democracy without that. If the President can't control the military, you basically have a military dictatorship.
Well, if you want to get
really pedantic, it wouldn't
technically be a military dictatorship if the head of state weren't commander-in-chief (or supreme commander, or whatever term you want to call it) of the armed forces just so long as those armed forces don't actually overthrow the democratically-elected government. Like, if the supreme commander of the armed forces were the head of the army and he just always did what the head of state politely asked him to do, then I
guess it's not a dictatorship.

But yeah, a military that is not subordinate to the civilian government is inherently a threat to democracy and civil rights and liberties.
Just getting into some weird other scenarios: There are situations where the commander-in-chief is something other than the head of state though. In Germany, the Federal Minister for Defense normally holds supreme command authority over the Bundeswehr during peacetime, but the Federal Chancellor assumes supreme command authority if the Bundestag declares a state of defense. So the Federal President has no military command authority whatsoever -- it's always endowed on someone who is directly answerable to the Bundestag.
Meanwhile, in the Westminster system, the Monarch (or the Governor-General representing the Monarch) is the legal commander-in-chief, but that authority can only be exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister, making, of course, the P.M. the
de facto if not the
de jure supreme military commander. But the officers still all swear oaths of loyalty to the Monarch, not the Prime Minister!
In the State of Israel, the cabinet as a body is considered to collectively hold supreme command authority over the armed forces. In the State of Japan, the Prime Minister is commander-in-chief of the Self-Defense Forces. In the Netherlands, supreme authority over the armed forces is held by "the Government," which consists of the Monarch and the Cabinet but only the Cabinet are actually allowed to make decisions.
And this one is interesting: In Switzerland, the Federal Council consists of seven members of the Federal Assembly who collectively serve as head of state and head of government. (The President of the Swiss Confederation is merely the presiding officer of the Federal Council, and they serve rotating one-year terms.) Normally the Federal Council collectively serves as commander-in-chief --
but, in times of war, the Federal Assembly elects a General, who serves as commander-in-chief but still must answer to the Federal Council.
Edit: Paging
@Sci! Paging
@Sci! I summon thee!
No, they say Commander in Chief.
Both are canon. Maybe during times of war/crisis the President gets full authority, but when at peace Starfleet has full control.
I really don't like that idea. It's still very anti-democratic.
My turn. The US Navy used to refer to its fleet commanders as 'Commander in Chief' (Abbreviated as CINC).
For example, Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet (abbr. CINCPACFLT) was an honorific that was used from 1941 until 2002 for the Admiral in overall command of naval forces in the Pacific, including the Seventh and Third Fleets. That title is now just Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet (COMPACFLT).
Yep!
And in fact, the U.S. also until recently referred to the commanding officers of its
Unified Combatant Commands as "commanders-in-chief." So the head of United States European Command was called the Commander-in-Chief of United States European Command, the head of U.S. Central Command was called Commander-in-Chief of United States Central Command, etc. During the Bush administration, they re-titled those positions as "combatant commander" so as to reserve the phrase "commander-in-chief" for the President for propaganda purposes. But there was never a conflict between the titles -- the U.S. President was commander-in-chief of all armed forces, and the combatant commanders were commanders-in-chief of their particular UCCs.
That's why there is no conflict between the Federation President being the commander-in-chief and the commanding officer of Starfleet being titled as commander-in-chief. The President is just probably the commander-in-chief of all Federation armed forces (including, presumably, the
Federation Naval Patrol), whereas the Starfleet C-in-C is only C-in-C of that particular organization.
They'd have to look more akin to cities proposed by the Venus Project in order to appear like Earth was turned into a paradise.
I'm guessing that most VFX artists have a different view of how the future should look like, and then project that onto Trek without taking everything else into account.
Creators projecting their ideas of what a "better future" means onto
Star Trek without necessarily doing a lot of research on other ideas of progress is pretty much how
Star Trek has always been made.
Are you saying that because you assume that Earth in Star Trek's version of the 23rd/24th century would have a much larger population than today?
I don't think we've ever been given that indication.
Really with the information we have it's very possible that Star Trek's future Earth has a lower population than today. A widespread increase in living standards and the wider availability of better kinds of pregnancy control (and the removal of the taboo it still has in many places today) might very well have led to a smaller population than we have today.
The only two clues we've ever gotten to 23rd/24th/25th Century Earth's population in the canon are:
- In Star Trek: First Contact, the Borg-assimilated Earth of the alternate timeline we briefly glimpse has a population of nine billion drones
- In Star Trek (2009), Vulcan has a population of approximately 6 billion people when it is destroyed by the Narada in the Kelvin Timeline
My inclination is to assume that Earth has a population of around 6-9 billion.