Now newtype_alpha suggested that perhaps the Enterprise could "see" the rest of the fleet with some kind of FTL radar, but not be able to tell their status. Unfortunately if that were the case, why did Pike decide to emerge in the middle of them?
He didn't. He dropped out of warp BEHIND them and was caught off guard by the fact that one of those ships had been propelled backwards by the impact of Nero's missiles.
Another thing that needs to be considered here is that those ships probably weren't totally destroyed by Nero's barrage. Suffice to say they were in horrible shape when Enterprise dropped out of warp, but considering the actual designs of those ships it appears Nero managed to blow off their engines and thoroughly disable them. At least one of those ships was probably still partially intact and inhabited, but merely dead in space with no power to speak of.
No, it looks like in order to get a fun visual, Star Trek now uses a drive more akin to Star Wars, where you effectively jump from on place to another without knowing much about what happens in between. Strangely you can still hear communications. Perhaps it’s a "hybridrive"?
Well, the same thing happened in Enterprise when NX-01 was warping towards a Vulcan ship that was supposed to be backing them up but dropped to impulse only to discover that the Vulcan ship was actually adrift in space, having been shot to hell by the Tholians.
I believe Tin Man was visible at least half an AU (probably a lot more) so I think unless a ship was hiding behind a planet they could probably be detected at significant distances even when not a warp.
This is, again, not always or even usually the case. First Contact is a major datapoint, since the Vulcans could not detect the Phoenix OR the Enterprise while neither of them were at warp.
Warp signatures are easy to track, but individual vessels in space are not, unless you know exactly where they are ahead of time.
You may have thought the bridge would have been build into one of the "tentacles" but I wouldn’t and why have so many that all looked the same if it had been a warship? Camouflage?
Who knows? I'm talking about design conventions and assumptions based on them. Narada would be a very weird ship in that regard, IF it was a warship. As a mining vessel, however, its design makes a lot more sense.
Weren’t their any number of things that told them it wasn’t a warship anyway? I’m pretty sure they knew that.
I'm absolutely positive they
didn't. How do I know? The first thing Pike says to Nero is "You've declared war against the Federation. Withdraw, and we'll arrange a conference with Romulan leadership at a neutral location..."
No one in Starfleet knows more about Narada than Christopher Pike, and even HE assumes the Narada must be a Romulan warship.
Of course even if your "this will be close to that" business is correct, it still doesn’t tell Scotty where any particular section will be, much less where a deck in that section is, hence his comment. The ship is basically oval. Its components could be placed anywhere even if you know which ones it’s likely to have.
I doubt Scotty would have blindly beamed them into the ship without knowing where he was sending them. Presumably he was able to scan the interior and identify a broad open space in the right location for what would -- IF it had been a warship -- be a cargo bay.
Actually Spock let Pike know the Narada had a missile lock before they were launched and Pike had enough time to muck about with the shields before they got underway.
But not enough time to arm the
phasers, which would have required more time than he had to power up and acquire a target.
he knew he was being attacked with missiles which could be destroyed with phasers.
He knew nothing of the kind. Again, they didn't find
that out until their last engagement with the Narada. Pike probably assumed that Narada's missiles would be able to evade most of his phaser fire (as they did against Kelvin) and doubled up on his shields to give himself more time to fight back.
A LOOK (ie a comprehensive data scan) was all they should have needed.
And it is exactly what they did not get as far as Nero's missiles. They might have gotten better data on the Narada from the Kelvin's scans (during the standoff with Robau aboard) but of the missiles they knew nothing except for their power and some guesses about their accuracy.
If that was truly the case simulations would have made it painfully obvious.
Simulators aren't magic, dude. Computers can only process the information you give them: Garbage in, garbage out. If you feed them wrong or incomplete data you will get wrong or incomplete results.
Hmmm, well, just in case you aren’t joking, maybe I had better say that, as mentioned, their simulations would have told them how good the missiles would be at avoiding phaser fire.
IF they knew anything about the missiles other than their speed and power. You can't simulate a black box quantity like that and expect real-world results.
There's also the question of whether or not they had time to setup and run any simulations, and the question of whether or not the results of those simulations would have been useful to a crew of raw cadets who haven't even graduated from the academy yet.
Further, in the movie I saw the missiles tracked and failed to hit the Jellyfish because, and this is the key part, they were blown out of space, rightly or wrongly.
Not the first salvo. Spock pulled some evasive maneuvers to give himself time to jump to warp and avoid their range. That would have given them a much better look at the actual performances of those missiles, at least enough for Sulu to come up with an idea.
A) Neither would make a difference if their weapons are good enough and B) Did Nero and Co look or act like soliders in front of Pike or Kirk etc?
A) It makes a pretty huge difference if YOUR weapons are inferior. You'll take any advantage you can get.
B) The first clue they got that Nero wasn't a soldier was when he told them "we stand apart" from the Romulan Empire. That conversation gave them a strong clue to Nero's motivations, but not enough to form a definite conclusion.
I'm pretty sure they already knew the Narada wasn't military anyway
Again, PIKE thought they were, and he is the only one on the entire ship who could have known better. Afterwards there was surely some speculation, but only Spock and Kirk were anything but clueless.
A) Because there is room for just about everything and B) more importantly that encounter changed the shape history.
A) Just because there's room for it doesn't mean it's in the database. References to the encounter would be indexed, of course, but the detailed information may not be.
B) THEY didn't know it changed the shape of history. From their perspective, it's just another of those weird random incidents that resulted in the loss of a starship. Probably filed away in the same category with the Daedalus, the Horizon and NX-02.
And are you really trying to tell me everyone whose job it was wouldn’t have been pouring over everything they could get their hands on about that incident and have it analysed six ways to Sunday.
I'm sure they did. None of them, however, were on board the Enterprise.
Moreover Nero never gave the impression, even to his own crew, that he had any doubt about the Narada’s capabilities.
Now did he give the impression that he expected to be able to tackle the entire fleet in a stand-up fight. There's the obvious implication, though, that WITHOUT the access codes he would not have been able to survive long enough to deploy red matter on Earth.
And I wonder what he would have done re access codes if he hadn't got them from Pike? Its not as though he planned on getting them from any of the ships that reached Vulcan and he didn't know the Enterprise was coming. He told his crew to destroy it. He didn't ask if it was the Enterprise first.
Doesn't seem to have mattered. He would have to get them from SOMEONE, sooner or later, but since he'd decided to spare the Enterprise so Spock could watch, Captain Pike would be a choice of convenience.
OTOH, Nero doesn't strike me as the kind of person who would have thought that far ahead. HAD he destroyed the Enterprise, it would have occurred to him a few hours later that Starfleet's border protection grids would be a problem and he probably should have spared one of them to get data from its crew. OR he would have forgotten about the grids entirely and the Narada would be shot to pieces as it passed Jupiter Station.
And yes, those "glowy fireballs fields" do make all the difference.

Though I suspect they are similar in other ways or doesn't ST have guided missiles (the film refers to them as torpedos).
Suffice to say, Narada's torpedoes are fundamentally different from the weapons used by just about everyone else in the 23rd or 24th century. Starfleet calls them torpedoes, but Spock's ship -- which is contemporary with Narada -- calls them missiles. The latter is probably more true, especially if you consider the possibility these are the same types of weapons mounted on the Batris (which were, at the time, referred to as "rockets").
Well actually I meant contact the Vulcan planet/system but there is the "contact their fleet" thing too. When Earth couldn't contact Vulcan for more details etc the problem had to be more than what was reported. Therefore the need for caution.
Yes, and they WERE cautious. In the real world, there are a million other things that can go wrong to cause a communication blackout; "surprise attack from time-traveling Romulans" is FAR from the most likely.
Consider that if Vulcan had been under attack by, say, the Suliban Cabal or a rogue Andorian faction, Pike's response would have been perfectly appropriate.
Also if phasers can be used for defensive purposes (which the can against missiles) then their arming is more than justified.
It's not known yet if they can be used against normal torpedoes; future movies will tell.
Is there any specific reason Pike should have expected to be attacked by missiles or torpedoes?
Thanks for that, however it wasn’t the cadets who dropped the ball. They appeared to do what Pike asked them to. Pike was steering the ship when he should have been concentration on how he was going to deal with whatever did the damage to the fleet.
And while Pike was doing that,
who would be steering the ship? Why, that would be Sulu, a last-minute replacement for the ship's regular (and apparently far more experienced) helmsman.
Pike's job is to get the ship out of danger as quickly as possible. His job is NOT to step back and brainstorm while the crew takes control of the ship and all its duties (that
is, in fact, the job of the science officer).