I've noticed these and would like to hear (read) others' reactions to same, what they might mean or how to explain them in-universe.
- So many officers! As far as we can tell, in terms of actual Starfleet personnel, officers would seem to outnumber enlisted men (i.e. Crewmen) by something like 3 to 2. Likewise, we saw one Non-Commissioned officer identified as such! One!
- Uninformative Uniforms Okay, this largely comes down to insignia in TNG and all series afterwards. In TOS one glance at the wrists of any crewmember from any direction told you precisely what rank that individual was, no problem. This helped make any question of "who obeys who" instantly answerable in a crisis, such as combat or other kind of emergency. Given Starfleet's major roles was both military and space exploration, this seems real important to me. Then, we get these tiny pips on exactly one side of a collar to serve the same function. Such pips resemble those of the Imperial Japanese Navy (although they wisely put them on both sides of the collar), from a society with a tradition of extremely strict hierarchies. Not much like what we think of for Starfleet or the Federation.
- No saluting. Maybe not so odd, but interesting/notable that we never see Starfleet personnel ever engage in saluting. Ever!
- JAG. I genuinely cannot figure out how this works. As far as I can tell, specific rulings carry no weight as a precedent. Otherwise, a ruling that Data is a member of Starfleet, i.e. a person, would have simply held. Likewise, how come nobody is seemingly ever prosecuted for violating the Prime Directive, even though it happens all the friggin' time?
- Personal ranged weapons slower than the speed of sound. Uh...why?