I have always taken that line to be Pike consciously and acurately saying exactly what he meant, "The Federation is a exploration and defense armada."Putting aside the issue that he (incorrectly) referred to the Federation rather than Starfleet as an "armada"
As in that's the Federation's primary purpose for existing in the Abrams-universe, that's why it was created in the first place. Anything else is lesser activities that were tacked on later.
Pike didn't say "starfleet" because that's not what he meant to say.
However the separation and power structure of the current day military are firmly in place.As per the TOS bible, the ranks were kept as 'flavor', but annoying things like the distinction between enlisted and non-enlisted personnel were downplayed.
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