Forgive me if I haven't searched enough for the answers. I have many questions about star trek technologies which I can't quite work out. I'll start with the transporter 
1. What happens if a person jumps from 'the beam'. I think we saw this in The Hunted when the soldier tries to avoid being beamed. There is also the episode where they beam during a drop from warp speed. Troi says "for a second I thought I was in the wall ..."
Is it possible to jump out of the pad? Would you lose an arm, leg?
2. What defines what is beamed up? What if Pickard is to beam up but he is holding a newspaper? Does the newspaper get beamed too?
3. What if Pickard is sitting on a horse. Will the horse get beamed up?
4. If Pickard is in water (wading in the sea) what gets beamed up? Pickard, his costume, the water around him?
I understand that nowdays there are trials of beaming taken place in that it is possible to send atoms from one part of a room to another.
4. But what about a persons soul, memory, thought etc.

1. What happens if a person jumps from 'the beam'. I think we saw this in The Hunted when the soldier tries to avoid being beamed. There is also the episode where they beam during a drop from warp speed. Troi says "for a second I thought I was in the wall ..."
Is it possible to jump out of the pad? Would you lose an arm, leg?
2. What defines what is beamed up? What if Pickard is to beam up but he is holding a newspaper? Does the newspaper get beamed too?
3. What if Pickard is sitting on a horse. Will the horse get beamed up?
4. If Pickard is in water (wading in the sea) what gets beamed up? Pickard, his costume, the water around him?
I understand that nowdays there are trials of beaming taken place in that it is possible to send atoms from one part of a room to another.
4. But what about a persons soul, memory, thought etc.