The NX-01 Enterprise phase cannons were orange-ish/red in colour.
Granted, that's supposed to be pre-TOS, so it's possible that during the TOS era, phase cannons were used as a template for phasers (well, both are directed energy weapons) and the colour of the beams shifted to blue for some reason before the upgrade (for the movies) came along.
The Excelsior to my knowledge never fired it's phasers ... in the Kirk era.
In TNG era, it was seen with recent phaser colour effects, and even in Tuvok's memories (which are of the Kirk's era) from early Voyager season.
So, I'd say that phasers as they came to be known in their initial stage of implementation were blue, and then shifted the colour.
Colour change might not really be all that significant (well, it isn't from the real world viewpoint), but regarding the Trek universe, we can explain that as an initial phase of phasers.