Once again, let's remember the timeline: after 25 years of doing whatever, Nero first picks up Spock,
then an hour later fights Klingons in an incident that gets reported by a prison planet and overheard by Starfleet, then proceeds to Vulcan which he reaches when it's daylight time in San Francisco, as opposed to it being a night there when the Spock pickup and the Klingon fight happened.
That timeline doesn't fit the idea that Nero would fight his way to freedom from a prison planet and then proceed to capture Spock and his red matter. It would fit the somewhat similar idea that Nero first breaks free from a prison planet with relatively little fuss, then captures Spock, and then returns to the Klingons to exact revenge on them, possibly with the help of red matter. But since there's no mention of Nero's imprisonment by Klingons in the movie, it's at least equally plausible that Nero simply captures Spock in a location that necessitates him fighting Klingons immediately thereafter.
Which simplifies things, because Nero and Spock would then be argued to emerge at the same location, which would feature Klingons in both cases. And that location could be the supernova location, which was where the time-travelers departed from, allowing Nero to take care of saving Romulus before beginning his revenge rampage.
No, one was at the edge of Federation space near the Klingon border, the other was in the (Romulan) Neutral Zone.
The Klingon Neutral Zone would probably make more sense, considering the movie already used the expression "Neutral Zone" to indicate Klingons in the
Kobayashi Maru context.
OTOH, if there are multiple Neutral Zones, then we have to question why Chekov would only say "the Neutral Zone" when specifying the location of Spock's arrival storm. Is this because only one of the Neutral Zones is located sufficiently near Vulcan to have a plausible connection to the mysterious Vulcan emergency? If so, it would make more sense for this to be the Romulan Neutral Zone.
The destruction of the ships was originally supposed to be a prison-break scenario.
The ultimate timeline speaks against this. That is, the original intent seems to have been abandoned in the ultimate version.
Spock did not emerge at the Federation-Klingon border.
We have no particular reason to think that he did not.
And even if the timeline is fudged a bit (say, Nero fights Klingons first, captures Spock second, and Starfleet is mistaken about the timing of the Klingon fight because of delays and errors in decrypting the signals intercept), the fact remains that the Spock pickup and the Klingon fight are temporally adjacent. This tells us a lot about their spatial relationship, too, because apparently the
Narada is very slow even in juggernaut terms - the villain ship fails to reach Earth during hours upon hours of Delta Vega adventures, whereas it didn't take nearly as long for Starfleet to span the distance in the other direction. Spock's storm and the Klingon fight must have been close neighbors if not the very same location.
Timo Saloniemi