The guy knows he's a problem and he doesn't care. The immediate response to you knocking on his door, as well as the cartoon taped to his door, give this away. I also know what you mean by "weird social vibes," based on your description. Trust me, conventional stuff (asking politely, sending letters) isn't going to work on this guy.
You mention you live in a community. I guarantee you other people have the same issue with him, they're just too scared to break the ice about it. Do everyone else, as well as yourself, a favor and start asking around. They'll be relieved to know they're not alone in their pain, and you'll have a lot of allies (giving you weight with the landlord, cops, court appearance, or whatnot - if anything else, it'll give you confidence by confirming that it's not just you being a dick).
You then have several options:
A) Call the cops each and every time it happens. They're obligated to send a unit. It'll probably be a small pool of the same guys over and over (only so many squad cars will be in patrol in your area late at night). They'll learn this guy's name, and eventually they'll get so tired of coming out there that they'll ram it down this guy's throat that he has to stop.
When you do call the cops, make SURE that you say "There's a loud party upstairs." Don't say "There's a guy with loud music" - they're much more likely to respond to noise complaints from what are described as parties rather than individuals. Even if it's the 10th time, and they know it's just one guy, claim you think there's a loud party.
B) Inform your landlord that you will be withholding rent if it doesn't stop immediately (it's his responsibility to enforce the lease). Look up "witholding rent" laws in your area and follow the process immediately. Sometimes it can take two weeks or months before you're legally allowed to, but begin the process - hopefully the mere threat to your landlord will spur him into action. If not, the written letters and whatever else is required will show him you're serious.
C) Piss this guy off. He deserves it, and he needs to know that whatever YOU'RE doing to piss him off, will stop as soon as he stops pissing you AND your neighbors off. Figure out something he hates. Put dead things in his mailbox. Throw something smelly or messy under the crack of his door. Whatever it is, don't stop - do it every time that he makes the loud noises.
And NEVER admit that you did it - always feign ignorance (but if he asks you, then say "I don't know what you're talking about - maybe you're pissing someone ELSE off with your loud noise too. I bet if you stopped it wouldn't happen anymore - that ways he KNOWS you did it, and knows how to stop it, but can't prove it). If you never admit it, you can never be busted for it - and cops will be much more sympathetic (because they won't be legally obligated to stop you, since they don't know for a fact it's you - but they will realize this guy deserves it and will silently approve and treat HIM like HE'S the problem).
Sometimes you have to fight fire with fire.