Humanity also learned about the likelihood of other sentient races and habitable planets. There is a slowly expanding region of stars approximately twenty-five thousand light years from the core of the Milky Way galaxy were all the "good planets" are. This is the galactic habitable zone. Much to the surprise of human biologists, astronomers and astrophysicists; intelligent life is not uncommon in the habitable zone. The Vulcan Science Directorate had estimated a mathematical probability that one out of every 43,000 planets in the galaxy supports intelligent life forms. What is most amazing is the apparent parallel evolution of sentient life forms with a bilaterally symmetrical bipedal form with an upright posture, two arms, hands, feet, one thorax, a neck, and a head with a brain located in it. This is the physical form of most sentient species. Furthermore, all known "humanoid" life has a similar genetic pattern.
On August 15, the space agencies that survived the Third World War combined to form the United Earth Space Probe Agency. The organization's mandate from the start was to explore and chart the more promising star systems close to Earth with the intention of investigating colonization potential. Ephram Cochrane was named to the Board of Directors. Due to the spectacular success of Cochrane's use of dilithium ore, the Deep Space Mining Corps was established in 2079. Its mission was to oversee the mining of the precious dilithium from the outer planets. A year after the Mining Corps was formed; the UESPA launched the SS Valiant. The ship's warp drive was designed and built by Ephram Cochrane.
Two years after that, the UESPA, deciding to attempt to contact distant civilizations, launched the warp-powered space probe Friendship One. The probe was loaded with a message of peace; instructions on how to create antimatter technology and how to build a warp drive along with an open invitation to visit Earth. The Vulcans were opposed to the launch, saying that it was extremely reckless. That same year, the UESPA launched the SS Conestoga from Earth to colonize a planet 20 light years away from Earth dubbed Terra Nova. The Conestoga's warp engine was designed by Ephram Cochrane.
In the fall of 2083, the Valiant, after wandering in space for three years, fell through an unstable wormhole. UESPA controllers on Earth lost contact with the ship, and the Vulcans were unwilling to send an expedition to locate the Valiant.
In 2093, the Conestoga arrived at Terra Nova, where its colonists began to settle the planet. The Conestoga herself was dismantled to construct the habitats for the colonists. After the colonists had been there for five years, the UESPA planned on sending another 200 colonists to Terra Nova, but the colonists objected. There were a few angry messages sent back and forth until one day contact was mysteriously lost. Due to the fact that a trip there would take nine years there and nine years back, the UESPA decided not to send a vessel to find out what happened. Although a Vulcan ship could have made the journey in far less time, the space agency did not ask them for help because it was thought that asking favors of the Vulcans usually ended up carrying too high a price.
Cochrane successfully tested the Warp 1.5 engine on his test ship Phoenix II on March 17, 2105. The engine well surpassed his expectations by traveling at Warp 1.8. This meant that humanity was close to breaking Warp 2, a velocity that according to the Vulcans was a milestone in warp travel for most species. It took the Vulcans themselves a century to break the so-called "Warp 2 Barrier." Cochrane later led an expedition to Alpha Centauri in 2109. He would eventually take up residence there.
The Earth Cargo Authority was chartered on December 13, 2110 to facilitate trade ships leaving Earth for the outer colonies and the new alien worlds that had made contact with Earth. The crew of these ships would eventually spend years traveling from one planet to another with whole generations of these "space boomers" growing up in space, and the ownership of ships would often be passed down family lines.
The United Federation of Earth was officially chartered in San Francisco on January 4 of 2128. Every nation on Earth joined the new global government. The United Earth Space Probe Agency, formerly a private organization, agreed to become a government entity in exchange for the added funding.
In April of 2134, the UESPA opened the Warp Five Complex on Earth to develop a faster means of propulsion. Ephram Cochrane was on hand for the dedication, stating that the starships that would be developed there would allow humanity "to boldly go where no human has gone before." Later that year Cochrane left his home at the Alpha Centauri colony aboard his ship Phoenix III and disappeared in space soon after, with official records listing him as missing and presumed dead.
On October 9, 2149, the Federation, in an attempt to broaden the powers of their space forces, created an organization called Starfleet. Using a massive complex in San Francisco as headquarters, Starfleet maintained the UESPA's mission of exploration, but took on the added duty of patrolling Earth trade routes and colonies. Starfleet wasn't exactly a military; it was designed to be more like a space-based version of the old United States Coast Guard. The UESPA became an ancillary arm of Starfleet, usually operating only research vessels and probes. Starfleet, in cooperation with the Warp Five Complex, began the "Naval Construction Contract Project" in 2157. The goal was to test out the Warp 5 engine designed by the Dr. Richard Daystrom. Eventually, the working Warp 5 engine would be used on Earth's first "starship" to be dubbed Enterprise, in honor of the site of humanity's first alien contact.
On March 9, 2158, Starfleet Lieutenant Commander Christopher Pike piloted the NCC-Alpha past Warp 2 and peaked at Warp 2.2 before the test ship broke apart. Pike became the first human to travel at that speed in a human-built spacecraft and the first human to eject in an escape pod at warp. In an unplanned flight on March 11, Lieutenant Commander Pike and Lieutenant James Tiberius Kirk piloted the NCC-Beta up to Warp 2.5. The spacecraft held together and returned to Earth. Under strong recommendation from the Vulcan High Command, Starfleet Command ordered all the NCC prototypes to be grounded until further tests could be run. As a special commendation for their groundbreaking achievement, Pike and Kirk were promoted to the respective ranks of Captain and Commander, both of them skipping a rank.
With the NCC-Project on indefinite hold, Starfleet opted to begin work on an interim class of ship on October 12 of that year. The first ship of the NX-class, dubbed Reliant, was due to launch in four years.
In 2159, the Vulcan Science Directorate finally admitted that Dr. Daystrom's engine design would work and the NCC-Project resumed on June 4 of that year. Commander Matthew Decker piloted NCC-Gamma to Warp 2.5 on June 11 to duplicate Pike and Kirk's flight before work was started to go past Warp 3. Commander Robert April broke Warp 3 in the NCC-Delta test ship on December 19. Convinced that Richard Daystrom's design would work in a full-scale ship, Starfleet and the Vulcans authorized the construction of the USS Enterprise NCC-01.
Starfleet launched the Reliant under the command of Captain Clark Terrell on March 21, 2162. The NX-class ship had many design features that would be used and improved upon in the much larger NCC-class. The ship was capable of traveling past Warp 3. The next two ships, Intrepid and Defiant, were scheduled for launch before Enterprise.
On September 19, 2165 Starfleet selected newly-promoted Captain James T. Kirk to command Enterprise. Since Kirk is the son of George Kirk, the Chief of Starfleet Tactical, there were several accusations of nepotism in selecting him; especially in light of the fact that Kirk was only 34 years old, the youngest captain in Starfleet. But Starfleet Command said that Kirk's record made him the ideal choice.
While en-route back to the Andorian Empire with top-secret information in April of 2166, a colonel named Thy'lek Shran noticed that a very small Klingon ship was following him. He plotted a course towards Earth's solar system to lose the Klingons, however the Klingon pursuit ship forced down Shran's ship. He crashed in Bozeman, Montana on Earth, where he managed to kill the two Klingons that chased him, but was seriously wounded by a local farmer's plasma weapon. James Kirk persuaded Starfleet and the Vulcans to allow the almost completed Enterprise to take Shran back to Andoria. The Vulcans ordered Subcommander Spock to accompany Enterprise as both a science officer and an observer in exchange for star charts. Spock is a genetically engineered hybrid, his father being Vulcan diplomat Sarek and his mother being Human diplomat Amanda Grayson. Commander Leonard McCoy, a surgeon at Starfleet Medical Academy, joined the crew as the ship's chief medical officer. The senior officers also included chief engineer Lieutenant Commander Montgomery Scott, senior communications officer Lieutenant Nyota Uhura, navigator/chief helmsman Lieutenant Hikaru Sulu, chief of security Lieutenant Pavel Chekov, doctor's assistant Lieutenant Christine Chapel, and captain's aide Ensign Janice Rand.
On April 13, 2166, the USS Enterprise NCC-01 was launched from Earth orbit under the command of Captain James T. Kirk. After several detours and a death-defying battle with a Klingon warbird, the Enterprise arrived at Andoria on April 23 to deliver Shran. The Enterprise took advantage of a warp highway that allowed the ship to reach the Andorian system in only a few solar days and it was the Vulcans' star charts that showed Enterprise the whereabouts of this shortcut.
During this first adventure of the Starship Enterprise, the command crew become aware of what Shran's secret information was. The Andorian Imperial Guard had discovered a lost city on an uncharted world, over a million years old. The race that built it was a race long sought after by numerous civilized worlds for the tremendous advantages they could provide. This was a race whose secrets could elevate humanity to unparalleled levels...a race that has left its footprints on countless worlds where its touch has changed evolution and led to the unnatural abundance of sentient species in the galaxy. A race, long thought dead by most, but which both the Federation Council and the Vulcan High Command believes is still out there somewhere.
The most amazing thing was apparently the Vulcan Science Directorate had discovered that buried deep within the DNA of humans, Vulcans (even Klingons) and other intelligent bipedal races is a mathematical code, something buried so deep and of such complexity that it could not possibly have occurred by chance. Someone or something put it there—an "artist's signature" perhaps. Starfleet Command revealed this information to Captain Kirk and gave him a "Prime Directive", something Kirk and the rest of the senior officers have to keep secret even from the rest of the crew. This Prime Directive states simply that it is the mission of the Enterprise to do whatever is necessary to find this long-lost race, and discover the truth about the common origin of all life forms everywhere, the truth that will unite a galaxy. However, there are others out there, also searching for this race...forces of darkness who may view humanity's activities with more than a little hostility.
And so, the Starship Enterprise then officially began her pioneering five year mission to "seek out new worlds, and new civilizations...to boldly go where no human has gone before."