Especially in Paradise Syndrome where spock orders the firing of about a half dozen phaser banks which, visually, all fire from the exact same place.
That would seem to support the idea that the ship only has enough power to fire one bank at a time.
I mean, Spock wanted maximum effect on the target. Why not fire all the banks simultaneously if that were an option? There could be a bottleneck in how much power a single emitter can channel before overheating, but this would make it all the more attractive to fire all the emitters at once.
The scene rather makes it look as if Spock pumps maximum destruction through one bank for as long as the bank can take it, then switches to another bank to continue channeling the maximum output of the ship. This regardless of whether "banks 1, 2 and 3" are at the exact same location, or distributed across the ship.
the Husnok ship that attacks Enterprise in "the survivors" clobbers them (in the second round) with a 400 gigawatt blast; that's enough to completely collapse their shields with just the first shot.
One has to wonder how much the
type of the weapon affects the ability of the shields to withstand the fire. After all, like
Newtype points out, 400 gigawatts is way below what can be achieved with a standard photon torpedo, and even volleys of torpedoes can be blocked by the same shields.
Worf did go to the exceptional trouble of specifying the opponent's weapons as emitting "particle energy". And he did point out that the damage from the beam was superficial as such, but had an unexpected effect on the shields. Mere 400 gigawatts of everyday phaser energy might not be a valid weapon in 24th century combat, and only a phaser that taps into a significant fraction of the ship's total power output would stand a chance at hurting the enemy.
In any case, it may well be that the reactor provides a lot more power than the weapons can pour out, either singly or in a broadside. But that doesn't mean that a broadside would be more energetic than a single shot. The bottleneck may be the secondary EPS loop that powers the guns. The total power available through that may be channeled through a single emitter just as well as being shared across dozens, and the end result is still the same: available power, not weapon throughput, limits the destructive effects, and a single optimally placed beam thus is preferable to multiple ones in the general case.
Timo Saloniemi