Given that the Phoenix was shown with modified warp nacells, froma design perspective that should have been Earth's contribution to federation starship design. I would then expect that perhaps the separate engineering section from the Vulcans, the Saucer from the Tellarites and perhaps that high level bridge from the Andorians. In essence we should have seen parts of the Enterprise in all of the ships on the show, not just the Earth ships.
I really like that idea!
While I think it's safe to say that the Federation was probably a Human concept, I don't think that it then follows that Federation=Earth. If you start saying that, what you're
really saying is that all the other races chose to allow themselves to be dominated by Humans, which is just ridiculous. They'd allow an equal partnership, but they'd never allow domination.
Plenty of non-Human captains and admirals have been established in Starfleet, including Captain
Rixx of the
U.S.S. Thomas Paine, Captain
Solok of the
U.S.S. T'Kumbra[/url], the unnamed commanding officer of the all-Vulcan-crewed U.S.S. Intrepid, Captain , Captain [URL="http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/Satelk"]Satelk, Nog in the alternate future of "The Visitor," the unnamed captain of the U.S.S. Saratoga, Rear Admiral Savar, Rear Admiral Sitak, Admiral T'Lara, the unnamed Vulcan Admiral who decorated Jadzia Dax, two unnamed Andorian admirals in Star Trek IV, two unnamed Caitian Admirals in Star Trek IV.
And that's not counting non-canonical captains and admirals from the novels, including Leonard James Akaar (Capellan), Bazel (Saurian), ch'Regda (Andorian), Gohod Clif (Trill), Dalen (Horta), Ezri Dax (Trill), Vraath ch'Evram (Andorian), Gof (Bolian), Gralev (Tellarite), Grev (Tellarite), Bal Itak (Vulcan), Kadish (Vulcan), Kira Nerys (Bajoran), Mackenzie Calhoun (Xenexian), sh'Raazn (Andorian), Saavik (Vulcan), Sartak (Vulcan), Sivok (Vulcan), T'Vala (Vulcan), T'Vrea (Vulcan), Thelin th'Valrass (Andorian), Kila Vet (Trill), Masc (Denobulan), Los Tirasol Mentir (Alonis), Nyllis (Pentamian), R'Miia (Caitian), Savaj (Vulcan), Stell (Vulcan), Sulak (Vulcan), T'Nira (Vulcan), and T'Pragh (Vulcan).
And that's not counting the numerous non-Human junior officers we've seen over the years, none of whom were indicated to hold any separate legal status from Human officers.
And the Reichstag is in Berlin, but this does not mean that Germany=Berlin. The Australian Parliament House is in Canberra, but Australia != Canberra. The Beehive is in Wellington, but New Zealand != Wellington. The United States Capitol and White House are in Washington, D.C., but the United States =! D.C.
How can Earth be the superpower of the known galaxy when it's centuries behind every other major world in terms of technology during ENT?
Logically, Earth can't be the Federation capital because of some "superpower" status. The Federation is the superpower, not United Earth.
First off, who occupies the position of head of government is never "throwing a bone" at someone. That's the guy in charge. DS9 established that the Federation President is the commander-in-chief of Starfleet. That's not throwing someone a bone, that's having a President who isn't Human.
Secondly, DS9's "Paradise Lost" made it very clear that the Federation President is an elected office. Earth doesn't get to "throw a bone" to other Federation worlds by "making" the President non-Human, anymore than the District of Columbia gets to "throw a bone" to the states by "making" a non-D.C. native the U.S. President. The Federation President is elected by the people of the Federation -- and since that encompasses over 150 worlds, that means that more likely than not, Humans are outnumbered and are not a determinative constituency.
From the TV series and movies, we see that 99% of the people who do the exploring in Trek are human.
We've seen exactly four Federation Starfleet crews up close, and that's out of a Starfleet of hundreds of starbases and thousands of starships. Not nearly enough data to reasonably draw that conclusion.