You ignore the fact that those aren't science fiction series. In fact, all your examples are comedies/sitcoms. I suspect most of the examples you might want to cite are either sitcoms or kid's shows.
What makes you confuse the demands of a network schedule for the demands of a genre? Is Sci Fi so special it can ONLY tell a story in 42 minutes? Or in a season?
Now, let's look at what two science fiction series similar to those of the Star Trek franchise and see what conclusion they came to.
No. Let's look at OTHER examples of shows. Tom Corbett, Space Academy, the 2nd season of Jason of Star Command--which went TO episodic stand alone stories, He-Man, Thundarr The Barbarian, Silverhawks, Bravestar, hell, Transformers. All of them told stories, complete in 30 minutes.
But, let's look at short films...
Here's a list of short films from 2018
Or, what about a lot of 20,000 titles....
La Jetee, for god's sake... Decidedly NOT a kid's film.
Network demands are NOT the demands of a genre. If you are making a film you DON'T have to do it the way a network does in order to fill time.
Will every story work as 30 minutes? 7 minutes? Of course not. You can't tell the story of Lord of the Rings in 30 minutes. But, then, trying to tell the story of the Hobbit in 9 hours is also terrible.
Storytelling is limited by the imagination of the creator, not the the time slot.
OK so I was wrong on mash but I am right on friends. Even though every episode of friends was only 30 minutes long ( 22 minutes really) it was The life( and since they are fiction, story) of a group of people and they progressed and grew throughout the series. Just about all the episodes connected into each other. And also on mash they still use the same characters and in the guidelines is 30 minutes no sequels that would mean you could use characters in other fan production Because that could be construed as a sequel.
So Friends is definitely not a good example of good story in 30 minutes. I’m not saying that can’t happen but it definitely did not happen there.
If you can watch any episode in any order without having to know what happened before, it is most certainly episodic. Friends is an episodic show. Period. It's not like The Good Place. I can show any episode from season 2 of Friends to a stranger and they will get it. I can't do that with The Good Place. Or Atlanta.
And also, Friends generally has 2 to 3 stories in a single episode. So, really each story is taking anywhere between 7 to 10 minutes of actual screen time.