So in algebraic terms .. Dark energy/matter = x
They haven't "found" x yet. They just gave it a nice name .. whatever it is.
It's more like they know what X (X being the expansion rate of the universe) is, and that's lead to a pretty good idea of how much dark energy there is, they just have no idea what DE is. Hence the term "dark." Vacuum energy seems most compelling, which is the idea that there is some innate level of energy that allows a cubic foot of space to exist as a cubic foot of space. That there is a minuscule amount of energy that, multiplied by the vast volume of space, is enough to drive expansion.
I think current theories in physics are going to fall flat on their faces sooner or later.
Like many scientific issues, the problem lies not in the work, but in the naming. Dark Energy connotes that we have a rough idea what it is, where to find it, and that it is both energetic and dark, which is counterintuitive. In reality, it means that there is energy out there driving a process (the expansion of the universe), that we can't easily detect, so it's called "dark." Dark is an admission of ignorance that will disappear when we determine what exactly it is.
Dark Energy is just the force that's driving the acceleration in the rate of universal expansion. I gave and idea of WHAT it is above. It is by no means the only theory out there.
Dark Matter is a little easier to grasp. We know it exists because of how it gravitationally alters objects at the galactic scale. We do not know what type of matter it is, or if it's a single type of matter. It could well be a mix of normal matter and exotic stuff. Perhaps there are more neutrinos in the universe. It could be a whole bunch of stuff, but most observations point to exotic particles that don't interact with photons (so we can't see it), probably don't have a nuclear reaction, and only appear to interact with normal matter via gravity. So it only interacts via 1 of the 4 forces of the universe, making it really hard to figure out what it is.
There may not even BE a center to the universe, and if there is, it's not particularly important.
If it's expanding .. away from a "central" point (which it is) .. then it has a center.
It's not really expanding for a central point. It's expanding in all directions. So that any one point is racing away from any other given point in space at the same rate. This is why the center of the universe isn't particularly relevant, because our part of space is expanding just as much, and in as many directions, as the center. Like another posted suggested, imagine a muffin with raisins in it. As you bake it, it expands in all directions, not from a center, even though it has a geometric center that you can measure from the outside with a ruler. The center isn't any different than any other part of the muffin's insides, and if you couldn't measure it's dimensions (because you're stuck in the muffin and can never, ever get outside of it and place a ruler next to it) you'd never be able to tell which raisin is closest to the center, because EVERYTHING is expanding and it's all homogeneous.
The universe, at the largest scales is utterly and almost completely featureless. You'll see, now and again, maps of the observable universe like
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WMAP_2010.png .That map makes it look like there's features out there, that the red part is vastly different from the blue part. Until you realize that the average is 2.725 kelvin, with a total variance of +/- 0.0001 degrees. The universe only varies 0.004% from it's greatest extremes. To put into perspective how flat and featureless that is, if the Earth's crust only varied 0.004%, Mt. Everest would be 1 foot above sea level, the deepest trench would be 1.1 feet below sea level.