The Typhoon Pact is basically an anti-Federaton alliance. It having become so powerful that all the other local governments feel they have to band together to compete against it.
No, the Typhon Pact is basically a pro-Typhon Pact alliance. Its first priority is cooperation for the well-being of its own members. Being strong enough to counter Federation dominance is
part of that, and there are factions within the Pact that think that more aggressively undermining the UFP is necessary for their own security. But ultimately, as with any real nation, their first priority is their own best interests, and they surely have plenty of domestic and foreign matters of concern that aren't about the Federation at all. Indeed, that's the whole point -- to get to a position where their lives
aren't dominated by the Federation any longer.
And it's Typhon, after the Typhon Expanse where the actual pact was signed, which is named in turn for the monster Typhon from Greek mythology. It rhymes with "python" or "icon." It has nothing to do with typhoons, which are tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific.
Sure the Klingons, Cardassia and Ferenginar are allied with the Federation, but that doesn't mean much. The Klingons got grinded under during the Borg invasion, the Ferengi were never really militant and the Cardassians, while rearming definitely, are still probably a second rate power.
First off, the percentage of Klingon territory that was devastated by the Borg is smaller than the percentage of UFP territory that was. Second, since when has military strength been the only significant factor in a nation's power? Economic strength is vital too. A large part of the reason the Pact was formed was because its members, too, were damaged by the Borg invasion (several of them actually participated with the Federation in defending against the Borg, though their resentment at being coerced into doing so by President Bacco was part of what convinced them to form their own bloc). All these nations are trying to rebuild, to consolidate their strength. That requires economic and political strength, not just weapons and armies. Building guns doesn't feed your population or restore devastated planetary ecosystems.
Like in that situation, if the Federation was somehow removed as the single great power in the quadrant, you'd see a falling out among bedfellows.
Or maybe not, since, again, they do
not exist with the exclusive goal of being "anti-Federation." They formed the Pact -- and remember, this is Word of God from Keith DeCandido, who co-created them -- because they were
inspired by the Federation's example, because they realized that cooperation with other nations helped advance their own interests, their own prosperity and strength. Take the Federation away and it becomes easier for the Pact to pursue the goals it was actually founded to pursue. Maybe the Tholians would drop out at that point, since they
are basically using the Pact as simply a means of hurting the UFP, but the other nations have their own reasons for being part of it.