[Here are the top 15 most commercially successful Westerns according to George Lucas's Blockbusting, Alex B. Block, ed.
1. Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969)
2. Duel in the Sun (1947)
3. How the West Was Won (1963)
4. Dances with Wolves (1990)
5. Shane (1953)
6. The Outlaw (1943)
7. Unforgiven (1992)
8. Maverick (1994)
9. The Alamo (1960)
10. Jesse James (1939)
11. True Grit (1969)
12. The Covered Wagon (1923)
13. Red River (1948)
14. Little Big Man (1970)
15. Vera Cruz (1954)
I can find little "racist" content in that list. Numbers 3 and 12 have stereotypical Indian fighting, but even the silent Covered Wagon has scenes showing the Indians are fighting for their way of life. Numbers 4 and 14 are emphatically pro-Native American, and 7 and 8 have strongly positive black and Native American characters, respectively. The rest, race plays little or no part. As for Robin Hood stories, the 1939 Jesse James is indeed one example, but it is fictionalized and leaves James brothers' Civil War origins out completely. In the movie they are pushed into crime by corrupt land-grabbers....And the reason [Westerns] died out on TV was also simple: There were too many and people tired of them, and the new field of demographic research showed that younger viewers preferred sitcoms and detective shows.
--Justin
Since this has come back to life, let's consider in detail the list above. I believe integration rendered the racial mythology of the classic Western untenable, first in the movies, by the mid-Sixties more or less, then a decade or two later in television. #1, 4, 7, 8 & 14 shouldn't be classic Westerns by my lights, with #11 borderline. Only #8, Maverick, could be considered in the classic Western mold. If I remember correctly, it was widely deemed retro. #11, True Grit, is borderline in having a young female non-romantic lead, as well as its date.
As noted before, Jennifer Jones' "half breed" character in Duel in the Sun as I vaguely remember is very much about race from a perspective that finds the Other dangerous, but seeing no social or political implications worthy of portraying, even in passing, much less exploring. It may not be KKK-style racism but it is at the very least naive. But why should the bar be set so high that you practically have to dress the crew in sheets before it's objectionable?
Which is why part of the problem with the classic Western is what is
not shown. My memories or knowledge of Shane, The Covered Wagon, The Outlaw, Red River, Jesse James and Vera Cruz is sketchier than I'd like. But those memories don't include an honest portrayal of American Indians, Blacks, Mexicans or Chinese either in numbers or as genuine human characters. They do not even show significant numbers of non-Anglo-Saxon Protestant immigrants, or even people from towns or cities!
And I must repeat, it makes a statement when movies pretend Jesse James was a defender of the little people against corruption. (It's not like the truth isn't interesting. As I recall, there was a Western about Quantrill, The Dark Command.) Similarly, Vera Cruz turning its ex-Confederate die hard running to Mexico into the hero (!) is making a statement. The gunfight at the OK corral involved a gang rustling Mexican cattle, a fact that was disappeared until the revisionist Tombstone was made. Lastly, the idea that The Alamo, with it "patriotic" view of the Mexicans and the war for their land, is free of racist implications demands reducing "race" to skin tone, ignoring culture.
In other words, a closer look shows that this list supports my view, instead of refuting it. But speaking generally, it is still a non-representative sample. In fact, one could surmise that this list would favor less generic, more artistically realized. It's reasonable to think things like The Three Mesquiteers are more representative of the genre.
The near total disappearance of classic Westerns from television is not a matter of fashion. Fashions come and go, but none of them disappear forever. Even Ted Mack's Amateur Hour and the Gong Show came back to us (in the form of American Idol.) The thing is that Westerns haven't come back. Practically every Western movie made recently is explicitly revisionist, barring blatant trash like American Guns or American Outlaw. As for "reputable" film historians rejecting any cause and effect relationship, the problem is that being "reputable" sometimes means refusing to admit uncomfortable truths, no matter how obvious.
PS Crying fallacy sounds all tough minded and cooly analytical and all that, but there is no question of a logical fallacy. The counter-argument is, basically, there is no "hoc," i.e., an outdated racial mythology that is the basis (or maybe raison d'etre) of the classic Western, in the first place. This is an empirical question. The failure to analyze the commercial hits list correctly does not inspire confidence in
any conclusions by this poster.
The Ox-Bow Incident shows that a Western could be made that didn't accept the classic premises. As for that matter, did oddities like Johnny Guitar (guaranteed testosterone free,) or Jubal (Othello, except without any other races,) or The Violent Men (a Union veteran for hero!)
The point is that when premises and attitudes like Ox-Bow Incident's were seen as the historically honest and morally sensitive kinds of Westerns, Hollywood pretty much stopped making Westerns! Not even for TV. And, by the way, in 1943, racial attitudes in the movies were influenced by a desire to distinguish the US from the Nazis, even at the expense of temporarily drumming up support for Communist values.
Not being able to distinguish between individual Western movies and the classic Western genre bespeaks a superficial analysis. There are only two things that distinguish the Western, the setting in the "West," and, in the classic Western, a set of attitudes about race, masculinity, the nature of civilization itself, a whole mythology. The changes in the market that permanently killed the classic Western were the destruction of the mythology. People just don't buy it anymore.